diff --git a/.env.example b/.env.example
index d913509..dcc5069 100644
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@@ -168,7 +168,6 @@ MONITORING_ATTEMPTS=2
 # Erzeugen: head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64
 VPN_CONFIG_KEY=
 
-ADMIN_HOSTS=admin.dev.clupilot.com,10.10.90.185
 ADMIN_HOSTS=admin.dev.clupilot.com,10.10.90.185,localhost,127.0.0.1
 
 # ── Nextcloud blueprint template ─────────────────────────────────────────
diff --git a/app/Provisioning/Jobs/SyncVpnPeers.php b/app/Provisioning/Jobs/SyncVpnPeers.php
index 29480e4..8ad5b56 100644
--- a/app/Provisioning/Jobs/SyncVpnPeers.php
+++ b/app/Provisioning/Jobs/SyncVpnPeers.php
@@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ class SyncVpnPeers implements ShouldBeUnique, ShouldQueue
                     // never created through the console.
                     'allowed_ip' => strtok($snapshot->allowedIps, '/') ?: $snapshot->allowedIps,
                     'host_id' => $host?->id,
+                    // Never "staff": a staff access has an owner, and nobody is
+                    // behind a peer we merely found on the interface.
+                    'kind' => $host !== null ? VpnPeer::KIND_HOST : VpnPeer::KIND_SYSTEM,
                     'name' => $host?->name ?? __('vpn.unknown_peer'),
                     'enabled' => true,
                 ]);
@@ -112,6 +115,9 @@ class SyncVpnPeers implements ShouldBeUnique, ShouldQueue
             // (created_by is null exactly for sync-adopted rows).
             if ($peer->host_id === null && $host !== null) {
                 $observed['host_id'] = $host->id;
+                if ($peer->kind === VpnPeer::KIND_SYSTEM) {
+                    $observed['kind'] = VpnPeer::KIND_HOST;
+                }
                 if ($peer->created_by === null) {
                     $observed['name'] = $host->name;
                 }
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_07_25_210000_add_ownership_to_vpn_peers.php b/database/migrations/2026_07_25_210000_add_ownership_to_vpn_peers.php
index a238d0a..c0e4099 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_07_25_210000_add_ownership_to_vpn_peers.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_07_25_210000_add_ownership_to_vpn_peers.php
@@ -32,13 +32,18 @@ return new class extends Migration
             $table->unsignedInteger('download_count')->default(0);
         });
 
-        // Existing rows: pipeline peers are host peers, the rest belong to
-        // whoever created them (created_by is the only ownership hint we have).
+        // Existing rows fall into three groups, and the difference matters:
+        // pipeline peers are host peers; peers someone created in the console
+        // belong to that person; and peers the sync adopted off the interface
+        // have no human behind them at all — calling those "staff" would break
+        // the very invariant this migration introduces (a staff access has an
+        // owner).
         DB::table('vpn_peers')->whereNotNull('host_id')->update(['kind' => 'host']);
-        DB::table('vpn_peers')->whereNull('host_id')->update([
+        DB::table('vpn_peers')->whereNull('host_id')->whereNotNull('created_by')->update([
             'kind' => 'staff',
             'user_id' => DB::raw('created_by'),
         ]);
+        DB::table('vpn_peers')->whereNull('host_id')->whereNull('created_by')->update(['kind' => 'system']);
     }
 
     public function down(): void
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Admin/VpnTest.php b/tests/Feature/Admin/VpnTest.php
index 776ee99..4966c16 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/Admin/VpnTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/Admin/VpnTest.php
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ it('adopts host peers from the hub and marks vanished ones absent', function ()
 
     $adopted = VpnPeer::query()->where('public_key', $key)->firstOrFail();
     expect($adopted->name)->toBe('pve-fsn1')          // named after its host, not "unknown"
+        ->and($adopted->kind)->toBe(VpnPeer::KIND_HOST)
         ->and($adopted->host_id)->toBe($host->id)
         ->and($adopted->present)->toBeTrue()
         ->and($adopted->rx_bytes)->toBe(2048)
@@ -456,13 +457,16 @@ it('renames a peer it adopted before the host link was known', function () {
     (new SyncVpnPeers)->handle($hub);
     $peer = VpnPeer::query()->where('public_key', $key)->firstOrFail();
     expect($peer->name)->toBe(__('vpn.unknown_peer'))
-        ->and($peer->host_id)->toBeNull();
+        ->and($peer->host_id)->toBeNull()
+        // Not staff: a staff access has an owner, and this one has nobody.
+        ->and($peer->kind)->toBe(VpnPeer::KIND_SYSTEM);
 
     Host::factory()->active()->create(['name' => 'pve-fsn1', 'wg_pubkey' => $key]);
     (new SyncVpnPeers)->handle($hub);
 
     expect($peer->fresh()->name)->toBe('pve-fsn1')
-        ->and($peer->fresh()->host_id)->not->toBeNull();
+        ->and($peer->fresh()->host_id)->not->toBeNull()
+        ->and($peer->fresh()->kind)->toBe(VpnPeer::KIND_HOST);
 });
 
 it('does not rename an access an operator named themselves', function () {