Fix: Backup läuft als root via sudo – keine Permission-Fehler mehr

mailwolt-backup Script liest /etc/dovecot/private, /etc/letsencrypt/live
etc. als root. ensure_system() installiert es nach sbin + sudoers.
BackupRun.php ruft es via sudo -n auf.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

app/Console/Commands/BackupRun.php

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class BackupRun extends Command
         $script = '/usr/local/sbin/mailwolt-backup';
         if (file_exists($script)) {
             $output = [];
-            exec("bash " . escapeshellarg($script) . ' 2>&1', $output, $exitCode);
+            exec('sudo -n ' . escapeshellarg($script) . ' 2>&1', $output, $exitCode);
 
             $artifact = null;
             foreach ($output as $line) {

scripts/mailwolt-backup

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Mailwolt Backup – läuft als root via sudo, liest DB-Credentials aus .env
+set -euo pipefail
+
+APP_DIR="/var/www/mailwolt"
+APP_USER="www-data"
+OUT_DIR="${APP_DIR}/storage/app/backups"
+STAMP="$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)"
+OUT_FILE="${OUT_DIR}/mailwolt_${STAMP}.tar.gz"
+TMP_DIR="$(mktemp -d /tmp/mailwolt_backup_XXXXXX)"
+
+cleanup(){ rm -rf "$TMP_DIR"; }
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+mkdir -p "$OUT_DIR"
+chown "${APP_USER}:${APP_USER}" "$OUT_DIR" 2>/dev/null || true
+
+# ── Datenbank ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ENV_FILE="${APP_DIR}/.env"
+DB_HOST="127.0.0.1"; DB_PORT="3306"; DB_USER=""; DB_PASS=""; DB_NAME=""
+if [[ -f "$ENV_FILE" ]]; then
+  DB_HOST="$(grep '^DB_HOST='     "$ENV_FILE" | head -1 | cut -d= -f2- | tr -d '"' | tr -d "'")"
+  DB_PORT="$(grep '^DB_PORT='     "$ENV_FILE" | head -1 | cut -d= -f2- | tr -d '"' | tr -d "'")"
+  DB_USER="$(grep '^DB_USERNAME=' "$ENV_FILE" | head -1 | cut -d= -f2- | tr -d '"' | tr -d "'")"
+  DB_PASS="$(grep '^DB_PASSWORD=' "$ENV_FILE" | head -1 | cut -d= -f2- | tr -d '"' | tr -d "'")"
+  DB_NAME="$(grep '^DB_DATABASE=' "$ENV_FILE" | head -1 | cut -d= -f2- | tr -d '"' | tr -d "'")"
+fi
+
+DUMP_FILE="${TMP_DIR}/database.sql"
+if [[ -n "$DB_NAME" ]]; then
+  MYSQL_PWD="$DB_PASS" mysqldump \
+    -h "${DB_HOST:-127.0.0.1}" -P "${DB_PORT:-3306}" \
+    -u "$DB_USER" \
+    --single-transaction --routines --triggers \
+    "$DB_NAME" > "$DUMP_FILE" 2>&1
+  echo "✓ Datenbank gesichert"
+else
+  echo "✗ DB_DATABASE nicht in .env gefunden"
+fi
+
+# ── Quellen sammeln ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+SOURCES=("$DUMP_FILE")
+
+for MAIL_DIR in /var/vmail /var/mail/vhosts /home/vmail; do
+  if [[ -d "$MAIL_DIR" ]]; then
+    SOURCES+=("$MAIL_DIR")
+    echo "✓ Maildirs: $MAIL_DIR"
+    break
+  fi
+done
+
+for CFG_DIR in /etc/postfix /etc/dovecot /etc/opendkim /etc/rspamd /etc/letsencrypt; do
+  if [[ -d "$CFG_DIR" ]]; then
+    SOURCES+=("$CFG_DIR")
+    echo "✓ $CFG_DIR"
+  fi
+done
+
+if [[ -f "${APP_DIR}/.env" ]]; then
+  SOURCES+=("${APP_DIR}/.env")
+  echo "✓ .env"
+fi
+
+# ── Archiv erstellen ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+tar --ignore-failed-read -czf "$OUT_FILE" "${SOURCES[@]}" 2>&1 || true
+
+chown "${APP_USER}:${APP_USER}" "$OUT_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
+
+echo "ARTIFACT:${OUT_FILE}"

scripts/update.sh

@@ -206,11 +206,13 @@ ensure_system(){
   _sbin_install "${APP_DIR}/scripts/mailwolt-fetch-tags"    /usr/local/sbin/mailwolt-fetch-tags
   _sbin_install "${APP_DIR}/scripts/update.sh"              /usr/local/sbin/mailwolt-update
   _sbin_install "${APP_DIR}/scripts/mailwolt-clamav"        /usr/local/sbin/mailwolt-clamav
+  _sbin_install "${APP_DIR}/scripts/mailwolt-backup"        /usr/local/sbin/mailwolt-backup
   # Sudoers-Regeln nachrüsten
   for f in /etc/sudoers.d/mailwolt-certbot /etc/sudoers.d/mailwolt-dkim; do
     _sudoers_add "$f" 'www-data ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /usr/local/sbin/mailwolt-fetch-tags'
     _sudoers_add "$f" 'www-data ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /usr/local/sbin/mailwolt-update --check-only'
     _sudoers_add "$f" 'www-data ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /usr/local/sbin/mailwolt-clamav'
+    _sudoers_add "$f" 'www-data ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /usr/local/sbin/mailwolt-backup'
     _sudoers_add "$f" 'www-data ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/openssl x509 -enddate -noout -in /etc/letsencrypt/live/*/fullchain.pem'
   done
   # Laravel Scheduler cron (schedule:run muss jede Minute laufen)