Metric history fix, service-failure audit trail, alert channels + secret-retarget hardening

Metric history: the per-minute sampler (clusev:sample-metrics) now reads
cpu/mem/disk from the `servers` DB row — the same source the live gauges read,
shared via MariaDB — instead of a cross-container Redis cache the poller may
not share in prod. It gates on last_seen_at freshness (skip offline/unpolled)
and keeps `load` as a best-effort cache read. History now fills whenever the
gauges have data, independent of the cache driver or container split — the
prod detail page no longer shows "Noch keine Verlaufsdaten" after hours.

Service-action failures are persisted: a failed systemctl start/stop/restart
writes a red service.<op>.failed AuditEvent with the FULL systemctl reason in
meta['output'] (mb_scrub-ed, 4000-cap), shown expandable in the audit log — a
truncated, ephemeral toast is no longer the only trace. The failure toast is a
short pointer to the audit log, level=error, and error toasts now linger 9s.

Alert delivery: a warning banner appears on the alerts page when NO channel
would reach anyone (no SMTP + no safe webhook + no Gotify). A new Gotify push
channel (server URL + encrypted app token) posts title/message/priority with
the token in X-Gotify-Key; a self-hosted LAN Gotify is allowed (scheme-checked,
not private-range-blocked like the SSRF-guarded webhooks) — a real push when a
service goes down, no e-mail needed.

Secret-retarget hardening (Codex-found class): changing a target while leaving
its secret blank could send the OLD secret to the NEW endpoint. Closed for the
Gotify token, the SMTP password (save + test-send + the runtime mailer), and
the host-terminal SSH credential (username/port change) — each drops/forbids
the stale secret before the new target is stored. Setting::uncached() reads the
security-sensitive keys DB-direct so a cache-repopulation race can't re-pair an
old secret with a new target. Three Codex rounds, clean; 778 tests.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.dockerignore

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 .env
 .env.*
 !.env.example
-.env.gitea
 
 # Deps / build output (reinstalled or rebuilt in the image)
 vendor
@@ -24,7 +23,10 @@ storage/framework/sessions/*
 storage/framework/views/*
 database/*.sqlite
 
-# Dev tooling / tests / docs (not needed at runtime)
+# Dev tooling / tests / docs (not needed at runtime). NOTE: docs/ is internal-only (export-ignored
+# from the public git tree AND named in promote.sh's refuse-to-publish list) — it MUST also be kept
+# out of the built image, or `COPY . .` bakes the private docs (with private host/URL refs) into the
+# public GHCR image, which the git-tree leak-guard never inspects. Likewise art/ (README assets only).
 tests
 phpunit.xml
 .phpunit.cache
@@ -34,6 +36,24 @@ kickoff-prompt.md
 rules.md
 CLAUDE.md
 README.md
+docs
+art
+
+# Dev-only release bridge — must NOT bake into the PUBLIC prod image (it carries the private
+# upstream references). Also export-ignored from the public repo. Dev keeps it via the bind-mount;
+# only the built (prod/public) image is stripped. The /release route is release_controls-gated
+# (false in prod), so these classes are never loaded at runtime here.
+app/Livewire/Release
+app/Services/ReleaseBridge.php
+app/Services/ReleasePlanner.php
+app/Services/PipelineStatus.php
+app/Services/PromotionService.php
+resources/views/livewire/release
+lang/de/release.php
+lang/en/release.php
+docker/release
+scripts/promote.sh
+scripts/promote.test.sh
 
 # Compose files (not needed inside the image)
 docker-compose.yml

.env.example

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ APP_NAME=Clusev
 APP_ENV=local
 APP_KEY=
 APP_DEBUG=true
-APP_URL=http://10.10.90.136
+APP_URL=http://localhost
 
 APP_LOCALE=de
 APP_FALLBACK_LOCALE=en
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ DB_PASSWORD=change-me-strong
 # mariadb container only (compose), not read by Laravel:
 DB_ROOT_PASSWORD=change-me-strong-root
 
-# ── Cache / Queue / Session via Redis ────────────────────────────────
+# ── Cache / Queue via Redis · Session via database ───────────────────
 REDIS_CLIENT=phpredis
 REDIS_HOST=redis
 REDIS_PORT=6379
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ REDIS_PASSWORD=null
 
 CACHE_STORE=redis
 QUEUE_CONNECTION=redis
-SESSION_DRIVER=redis
+# database = sessions are listable/revocable in Settings (Redis stays for cache/queue)
+SESSION_DRIVER=database
 SESSION_LIFETIME=120
 SESSION_ENCRYPT=false
 SESSION_PATH=/
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ REVERB_APP_ID=changeme
 REVERB_APP_KEY=changeme
 REVERB_APP_SECRET=changeme
 # client-facing (browser connects to the host-exposed port):
-REVERB_HOST=10.10.90.136
+REVERB_HOST=localhost
 REVERB_PORT=8080
 REVERB_SCHEME=http
 # server bind (inside the container):
@@ -64,6 +65,11 @@ FILESYSTEM_DISK=local
 # ── Docker Compose knobs (host ports / uid / image) ──────────────────
 APP_PORT=80
 VITE_PORT=5173
+# Dev HMR only: the address the BROWSER uses to reach this box's Vite dev server (the dev VM's LAN IP
+# or hostname, e.g. 192.0.2.10). Needed when developing against a REMOTE box — otherwise the CSS/JS
+# load from the wrong origin. Leave unset for purely local dev; Vite then infers it from the request
+# host. Never used in prod (assets are built). Keep the real address in the untracked .env only.
+# VITE_HMR_HOST=
 REVERB_HOST_PORT=8080
 DB_PORT=3306
 # Containers run as this host user (must own the bind-mount). nexxo=1002 on this VM.
@@ -80,12 +86,45 @@ IMAGE_TAG=latest
 APP_DOMAIN=
 APP_SCHEME=http
 ACME_EMAIL=
+# Deployed commit + branch, shown on the Version page. install.sh fills these from the host's
+# .git (the prod image ships none) — leave empty; in dev the page reads .git directly.
+CLUSEV_BUILD_SHA=
+CLUSEV_BUILD_BRANCH=
+# Update source for the in-app version check. install.sh sets this from the clone origin
+# (git remote get-url origin). Left UNSET (keep this commented), it falls back to the public repo
+# default in config/clusev.php — an empty value here would instead disable the check, so leave the
+# key absent rather than blank. Never put a private repo URL in a tracked file — only in the .env.
+# CLUSEV_REPOSITORY=https://github.com/clusev/clusev
+# Dev-only release controls (dashboard Release page + host git-bridge + live pipeline). Leave unset on
+# any non-dev install. Both values below are PRIVATE — never commit them, set only on the dev box:
+#   CLUSEV_RELEASE_CONTROLS=true                 # enables the /release page + watcher install
+#   GIT_STAGING_ACCESS_TOKEN=                    # GitHub PAT, READ only (Actions:Read + Contents:Read)
+#   CLUSEV_STAGING_SLUG=owner/private-mirror     # the GitHub-private mirror repo (for live CI status)
+# Display timezone for dashboard times (DB stays UTC). install.sh sets this from the host; UTC default.
+APP_TIMEZONE=UTC
+# External reverse-proxy TLS: set to the upstream proxy's address/CIDR so Caddy trusts its
+# X-Forwarded-Proto. Leave as 127.0.0.1/32 (trust nothing) when Caddy terminates TLS itself.
+TRUSTED_PROXY_CIDR=127.0.0.1/32
 # Derived from APP_DOMAIN by install.sh (":${APP_PORT}" vs "https://${APP_DOMAIN}"):
 SITE_ADDRESS=:80
 # Prod image: locally-built tag, or a pinned GHCR digest (ghcr.io/<owner>/clusev@sha256:..).
 CLUSEV_IMAGE=clusev-app:prod
 # HMAC key for the (v1.x) in-dashboard self-updater intent file — separate from APP_KEY.
 UPDATE_HMAC_KEY=
+# OPTIONAL supply-chain hardening: path to an SSH allowed-signers file. When set, update.sh verifies
+# the pulled HEAD is signed by a trusted maintainer key before re-exec/build and REFUSES an unsigned
+# or untrusted commit (fail-closed). Unset = verification skipped (a warning is logged). The file must
+# stay outside the tracked tree (it is gitignored) so a pulled/MITM'd repo cannot swap the key.
+# CLUSEV_ALLOWED_SIGNERS=/home/nexxo/clusev/.clusev-allowed-signers
+# Shared secret between the app and the terminal sidecar (the /terminal page). The sidecar presents
+# it to the internal resolve endpoint that hands out decrypted SSH credentials. install.sh generates
+# it; leave empty to DISABLE the terminal (the resolve endpoint then 403s).
+TERMINAL_SIDECAR_SECRET=
+# Per-install RANDOM honeypot canary values embedded in the served fake .env. install.sh generates
+# them; leave empty to DISABLE honeytoken detection (the deception layer still serves plausible bait).
+CLUSEV_HONEYPOT_CANARY_APP=
+CLUSEV_HONEYPOT_CANARY_DB=
+CLUSEV_HONEYPOT_CANARY_API=
 
 # ── Optional demo server (seeded by FleetSeeder) ─────────────────────
 # Leave HOST empty for an empty fleet (add servers at runtime). With a host set,

.gitattributes

@@ -7,5 +7,35 @@
 *.php diff=php
 
 /.github export-ignore
-CHANGELOG.md export-ignore
 .styleci.yml export-ignore
+
+# Internal-only — never published to the PUBLIC repo. promote.sh copies a release tree with
+# `git archive`, which honours export-ignore, so these are dropped automatically. CHANGELOG.md is
+# deliberately NOT export-ignored: the public Versions page fetches it from the public repo.
+/CLAUDE.md export-ignore
+/rules.md export-ignore
+/handoff.md export-ignore
+/kickoff-prompt.md export-ignore
+/docs export-ignore
+
+# Release tooling + the dev-only in-dashboard release bridge — private-CI / dev-box only.
+/scripts/promote.sh export-ignore
+/scripts/promote.test.sh export-ignore
+/tests/scripts/promote-guard.test.sh export-ignore
+/app/Livewire/Release export-ignore
+/app/Services/ReleaseBridge.php export-ignore
+/app/Services/ReleasePlanner.php export-ignore
+/app/Services/PipelineStatus.php export-ignore
+/app/Services/PromotionService.php export-ignore
+/resources/views/livewire/release export-ignore
+/lang/de/release.php export-ignore
+/lang/en/release.php export-ignore
+/docker/release export-ignore
+# …and their tests (which reference the dev-only classes above). NOTE: ReleaseChecker.php,
+# ReleaseCheckerTest.php and VersionUpdateCheckTest.php are PUBLIC (the update-available check) — do NOT ignore them.
+/tests/Feature/PipelineStatusTest.php export-ignore
+/tests/Feature/PromotionServiceTest.php export-ignore
+/tests/Feature/ReleaseBridgeTest.php export-ignore
+/tests/Feature/ReleaseGatingTest.php export-ignore
+/tests/Feature/ReleasePageTest.php export-ignore
+/tests/Unit/ReleasePlannerTest.php export-ignore

.github/actionlint.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+self-hosted-runner:
+  # Custom self-hosted runner label for the internal staging host (.165).
+  # The runner is not wired up yet; the deploy-staging job is gated behind
+  # the STAGING_ENABLED repo variable until it is.
+  labels:
+    - clusev-staging

.github/workflows/ci-staging.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+name: CI + staging
+on:
+  push:
+    tags: ['v*']
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
+        with:
+          php-version: '8.3'
+          coverage: none
+      - run: composer install --no-interaction --prefer-dist --no-progress
+      - run: cp .env.example .env && php artisan key:generate
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        with:
+          node-version: '20'
+      # Build the Vite manifest BEFORE the tests: full-page tests render @vite layouts, which 500
+      # without public/build/manifest.json (it is gitignored, so absent on a fresh CI checkout).
+      - run: npm ci
+      - run: npm run build
+      - run: php artisan test
+      - run: ./vendor/bin/pint --test
+      - name: shellcheck
+        run: |
+          docker run --rm -v "$PWD:/mnt" -w /mnt koalaman/shellcheck:stable \
+            docker/wg/clusev-wg.sh docker/restart-sentinel/watch.sh install.sh update.sh scripts/*.sh tests/scripts/*.sh
+      - name: Script unit tests
+        run: |
+          bash tests/scripts/release-images.test.sh
+          bash tests/scripts/promote-guard.test.sh
+
+  # Build the two prod images and push them to the PRIVATE GHCR, tagged by the version. The promote
+  # job later copies the exact digests to the public GHCR — the image is only public once the release is.
+  images:
+    needs: test
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      packages: write
+    env:
+      TAG: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GHCR_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Build + push app image (private GHCR, by version tag)
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: .
+          file: Dockerfile
+          platforms: linux/amd64
+          push: true
+          tags: ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev:${{ github.ref_name }}
+      - name: Build + push terminal image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: ./docker/terminal
+          file: docker/terminal/Dockerfile
+          platforms: linux/amd64
+          push: true
+          tags: ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev-terminal:${{ github.ref_name }}
+      # Smoke: boot the framework inside the freshly built app image. `route:list` loads config +
+      # every service provider + registers all routes — so a class stripped by export-ignore that is
+      # still reachable on boot fails HERE, before the image can ever promote. No DB/Redis needed.
+      - name: Smoke-boot the app image
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          docker run --rm \
+            -e APP_KEY="base64:$(head -c32 /dev/urandom | base64)" \
+            -e APP_ENV=production -e CLUSEV_RELEASE_CONTROLS=false \
+            "ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev:$TAG" \
+            php artisan route:list --json > /dev/null
+          echo "smoke: framework booted + routes registered"
+
+  # Staging (self-hosted runner) pulls the freshly built private image — the first real exercise of
+  # the pull path. Only runs when a self-hosted runner is wired up (vars.STAGING_ENABLED).
+  deploy-staging:
+    needs: images
+    if: ${{ vars.STAGING_ENABLED == 'true' }}
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, clusev-staging]
+    environment: staging
+    steps:
+      - name: Update the staging stack (pull the CI-built image)
+        env:
+          STAGING_PROJECT_DIR: ${{ vars.STAGING_PROJECT_DIR }}
+          CLUSEV_IMAGE: ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev:${{ github.ref_name }}
+          CLUSEV_TERMINAL_IMAGE: ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev-terminal:${{ github.ref_name }}
+          CLUSEV_PULL: '1'
+        run: |
+          cd "${STAGING_PROJECT_DIR:?STAGING_PROJECT_DIR not set}"
+          sudo -E ./update.sh
+
+  # Auto-promote to PUBLIC — only a finalized stable tag (no -rc), and only after test + images are
+  # green (needs + success()). Copies the exact image digests to the public GHCR and publishes a
+  # Gitea-free code tree; promote.sh's leak-guard is the last line of defence.
+  promote:
+    needs: [test, images]
+    # Stable = a clean vX.Y.Z with NO pre-release suffix. Excludes -rc AND any accidental pre-release suffix.
+    if: ${{ success() && startsWith(github.ref_name, 'v') && !contains(github.ref_name, '-') }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: production
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      packages: write
+    # Route the tag through an env var instead of interpolating ${{ github.ref_name }} straight into
+    # run: shells (template-injection hardening / actionlint). The "Enforce a clean stable SemVer tag"
+    # step below still validates $GITHUB_REF_NAME before any step consumes it.
+    env:
+      TAG: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+    steps:
+      # Hard stop: only an EXACT stable SemVer tag may cause a public side-effect. The `if:` above
+      # cannot regex, so `vfoo` / `v1.2` / `v2026` would slip through — fail here, before any publish.
+      - name: Enforce a clean stable SemVer tag
+        run: |
+          [[ "$GITHUB_REF_NAME" =~ ^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$ ]] \
+            || { echo "::error::not a stable vX.Y.Z tag: $GITHUB_REF_NAME"; exit 1; }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          path: src
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GHCR_TOKEN }}
+      # Read-only: resolve the private image digests. No public side-effect yet.
+      - name: Resolve private image digests
+        id: img
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          appd=$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev:${TAG}" --format '{{.Manifest.Digest}}')
+          termd=$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev-terminal:${TAG}" --format '{{.Manifest.Digest}}')
+          { echo "appd=$appd"; echo "termd=$termd"; } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          repository: ${{ vars.PUBLIC_REPO_SLUG }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.PUBLIC_REPO_TOKEN }}
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          path: pub
+      # Build + guard the public tree LOCALLY. promote.sh refuses on an already-published tag or a
+      # leak; nothing is published yet, so a refusal cannot leave an orphaned public image.
+      - name: Build the public tree (guarded, no publish)
+        env:
+          CLUSEV_PROMOTE_FORBIDDEN: ${{ secrets.PROMOTE_FORBIDDEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          git config --global user.name 'clusev-release'
+          git config --global user.email 'release@clusev'
+          chmod +x src/scripts/promote.sh
+          src/scripts/promote.sh "$PWD/src" "$TAG" "$PWD/pub" "Release $TAG"
+          # release-images.lock — consumed by sub-project #2 (install/update pull).
+          printf '{ "version": "%s", "app": "ghcr.io/%s/clusev@%s", "terminal": "ghcr.io/%s/clusev-terminal@%s" }\n' \
+            "$TAG" "${{ vars.PUBLIC_GHCR_OWNER }}" "${{ steps.img.outputs.appd }}" \
+            "${{ vars.PUBLIC_GHCR_OWNER }}" "${{ steps.img.outputs.termd }}" > pub/release-images.lock
+          git -C pub add -f release-images.lock
+          git -C pub commit -q --amend --no-edit
+          git -C pub tag -f "$TAG"
+      # Publish AFTER every guard, and BEFORE the git push (publish-then-advertise): a public release
+      # ref therefore ALWAYS has a pullable image. A push failure after this leaves only unreferenced,
+      # content-addressed image tags — re-running the promote republishes them idempotently and retries
+      # the push; it never advertises a release without an image (which the reverse order would risk).
+      - name: Publish images to public GHCR
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          docker buildx imagetools create -t "ghcr.io/${{ vars.PUBLIC_GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev:${TAG}" "ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev@${{ steps.img.outputs.appd }}"
+          docker buildx imagetools create -t "ghcr.io/${{ vars.PUBLIC_GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev-terminal:${TAG}" "ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev-terminal@${{ steps.img.outputs.termd }}"
+      # Atomic: main + tag land together, or neither does.
+      - name: Push code + tag to public (atomic)
+        run: git -C pub push --atomic origin HEAD:main "refs/tags/${TAG}"

.github/workflows/promote-public.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+name: Promote to public (manual fallback)
+# Primary promotion is the gated `promote` job in ci-staging.yml (auto on a green stable tag). This
+# manual dispatch re-runs the same procedure for a specific tag (e.g. after a promote.sh fix). It
+# mirrors the auto job: resolve the exact image digests, build+guard the public code tree, publish
+# the images, then push atomically. promote.sh refuses if the tag is already public — yank first.
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: 'Stable tag to (re-)publish (e.g. v0.11.0)'
+        required: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  promote:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: production
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      packages: write
+    # The tag reaches every run-step via this env var (never inline `${{ inputs.tag }}` in a shell —
+    # that would be a command-injection sink for a hand-typed input).
+    env:
+      TAG: ${{ inputs.tag }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Enforce a clean stable SemVer tag
+        run: |
+          [[ "$TAG" =~ ^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$ ]] \
+            || { echo "::error::not a stable vX.Y.Z tag: $TAG"; exit 1; }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ inputs.tag }}
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          path: src
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GHCR_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Resolve private image digests
+        id: img
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          appd=$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev:$TAG" --format '{{.Manifest.Digest}}')
+          termd=$(docker buildx imagetools inspect "ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev-terminal:$TAG" --format '{{.Manifest.Digest}}')
+          { echo "appd=$appd"; echo "termd=$termd"; } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          repository: ${{ vars.PUBLIC_REPO_SLUG }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.PUBLIC_REPO_TOKEN }}
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          path: pub
+      - name: Build the public tree (guarded, no publish)
+        env:
+          CLUSEV_PROMOTE_FORBIDDEN: ${{ secrets.PROMOTE_FORBIDDEN }}
+          APP_DIGEST: ghcr.io/${{ vars.PUBLIC_GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev@${{ steps.img.outputs.appd }}
+          TERM_DIGEST: ghcr.io/${{ vars.PUBLIC_GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev-terminal@${{ steps.img.outputs.termd }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          git config --global user.name 'clusev-release'
+          git config --global user.email 'release@clusev'
+          chmod +x src/scripts/promote.sh
+          src/scripts/promote.sh "$PWD/src" "$TAG" "$PWD/pub" "Release $TAG"
+          printf '{ "version": "%s", "app": "%s", "terminal": "%s" }\n' "$TAG" "$APP_DIGEST" "$TERM_DIGEST" > pub/release-images.lock
+          git -C pub add -f release-images.lock
+          git -C pub commit -q --amend --no-edit
+          git -C pub tag -f "$TAG"
+      # Publish AFTER guards, BEFORE the push (publish-then-advertise): a release ref always has an
+      # image. A push failure leaves only unreferenced idempotent image tags; re-run to recover.
+      - name: Publish images to public GHCR
+        env:
+          APP_SRC: ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev@${{ steps.img.outputs.appd }}
+          TERM_SRC: ghcr.io/${{ vars.GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev-terminal@${{ steps.img.outputs.termd }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          docker buildx imagetools create -t "ghcr.io/${{ vars.PUBLIC_GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev:$TAG" "$APP_SRC"
+          docker buildx imagetools create -t "ghcr.io/${{ vars.PUBLIC_GHCR_OWNER }}/clusev-terminal:$TAG" "$TERM_SRC"
+      - name: Push code + tag to public (atomic)
+        run: git -C pub push --atomic origin HEAD:main "refs/tags/$TAG"

.github/workflows/yank.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: Yank a public release
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: 'Tag to retract from the public repo (e.g. v0.10.0)'
+        required: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  yank:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: production
+    steps:
+      - name: Validate the tag format
+        env:
+          TAG: ${{ inputs.tag }}
+        run: |
+          echo "$TAG" | grep -qE '^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$' \
+            || { echo "refusing to yank an unrecognised tag: $TAG" >&2; exit 1; }
+      - name: Checkout public repo
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          repository: ${{ vars.PUBLIC_REPO_SLUG }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.PUBLIC_REPO_TOKEN }}
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          path: pub
+      - name: Delete the tag on the public repo
+        env:
+          TAG: ${{ inputs.tag }}
+        run: |
+          git -C pub push origin --delete "refs/tags/${TAG}"

.gitignore

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 /public/hot
 /public/storage
 /storage/*.key
+/storage/framework/active-domain
 /storage/pail
 /vendor
 
@@ -13,9 +14,13 @@
 .env
 .env.*
 !.env.example
-.env.gitea
 *.pem
 
+# Self-update trust anchor: the SSH allowed-signers list update.sh checks the pulled HEAD against.
+# MUST stay untracked so a pulled/MITM'd tree can never swap the trusted maintainer key (git pull
+# leaves ignored files alone). Provisioned out-of-band; see the signature-verification spec.
+/.clusev-allowed-signers
+
 .phpunit.result.cache
 Homestead.json
 Homestead.yaml
@@ -33,3 +38,32 @@ yarn-error.log
 
 # local sqlite (we use MariaDB)
 /database/*.sqlite*
+
+# runtime host-bridge signal dir (request/result files written by the dashboard + host watchers);
+# the dir itself is kept (bind-mount target) but its runtime contents are never committed
+/run/*
+!/run/.gitkeep
+
+# host-side update transcript (written at the repo root — NOT under ./run — so a compromised
+# container cannot symlink-redirect the root updater's tee; see docker/restart-sentinel/watch.sh)
+/update.log
+/install.log
+# transient status temp files: created at the repo root then atomically renamed into ./run (same fs,
+# container-inaccessible) so the root write can't be symlink-redirected — normally gone in an instant
+/.phase.*
+
+# internal / AI-collaboration docs — kept on the dev box, never committed, mirrored or shipped
+/CLAUDE.md
+/rules.md
+/handoff.md
+/kickoff-prompt.md
+/docs/
+
+# The release image pin is written ONLY into the promoted public tree by CI (git add -f there);
+# a copy must never be committed to the source tree, or a dev install would wrongly switch to pull.
+/release-images.lock
+
+# The marketing site + docs (clusev.com / docs.clusev.com) are a SEPARATE project at ~/clusev-site
+# with their own compose — they must NEVER land in the panel repo (else anyone could self-host the
+# site). Belt-and-suspenders guard in case site files are ever copied in here by mistake.
+/clusev-site/

CLAUDE.md

@@ -1,257 +0,0 @@
-# CLAUDE.md — Clusev
-
-Project context for any agent/developer. **Read `rules.md` first — those rules are
-non-negotiable.** This file is the fast ramp-up: what we're building, the stack, where things
-live, how to run them, and the conventions. Source of truth for decisions: `handoff.md`.
-
----
-
-## 1. Product
-
-**Clusev** — a self-hosted control panel to administer a **fleet of Linux servers from one
-dashboard**, connecting **agentless over SSH**. The operator sees and steers the whole fleet
-(metrics, services, files, audit) in one security-first UI (2FA, full audit log).
-
-- **Backend reality:** Laravel is the **control-plane** (UI + API + provisioning). It does **not**
-  reimplement SSH/daemons — it orchestrates real servers over SSH via **phpseclib** (exec + SFTP).
-- **Audience:** developers, self-hosters, sysadmins.
-- **Differentiator:** multi-server fleet management with a modern, polished UI. **Multi-server is
-  free and never paywalled.** Paid = Team/Enterprise (SSO/LDAP, RBAC, audit export, alerting,
-  backups) + optional managed control-plane. **License:** AGPL core + commercial Pro modules —
-  architect open-core from day one (clean core, Pro as separate modules/flags).
-
-### v1 scope (build this first — do NOT boil the ocean)
-- **Foundation (once):** auth + **2FA**, **audit log**, encrypted **SSH-credential vault**,
-  **SSH layer** (exec + SFTP via phpseclib), **Reverb** realtime channel, **queue** workers,
-  **multi-server switcher**.
-- **Features:** (1) **Dashboard / live metrics**, (2) **systemd services** (list + start/stop/
-  restart + logs), (3) **SFTP file manager**, plus the **Server-Details** page (identity,
-  resource gauges, specs, volumes, interfaces, security hardening, SSH keys).
-
-### Deferred (keep OUT of v1)
-- **Web terminal** (xterm.js + ws↔SSH sidecar — PHP can't hold an interactive PTY).
-- **Package management** (apt/dnf), firewall / users / cron, app store, push-metrics agent.
-
----
-
-## 2. Tech stack (hard requirements)
-
-| Layer | Choice |
-|---|---|
-| Framework | **Laravel 13** |
-| UI / interactivity | **Livewire v3** — class-based, **NOT Volt** |
-| CSS | **Tailwind v4** (CSS-first, `@theme` in `app.css`, **no `tailwind.config.js`**) |
-| Build | **Vite** |
-| Modals | **wire-elements/modal** |
-| Realtime | **Laravel Reverb** + Echo (live metrics, broadcasts) |
-| Queue / cache | **Redis** |
-| DB | **MariaDB** *(confirmed)* |
-| SSH | **phpseclib** (exec + SFTP) |
-| Charts | JS lib (ApexCharts / Chart.js / uPlot) as an **Alpine island** in Blade |
-| Icons | **Lucide**, inline SVG via a Blade `x-icon` component |
-| Fonts | **Chakra Petch** (display) · **Space Grotesk** (sans) · **JetBrains Mono** (numbers/paths) — **self-hosted only** (`public/fonts/*.woff2` + `@font-face` in `app.css`), **never a CDN/Google Fonts link or `@import`** (R14) |
-
-> **Version note (2026-06-11):** handoff §3 specifies Laravel 12; **Laravel 13** is used (it is the current release; user decision). Livewire 3 / Tailwind 4 / wire-elements/modal / Reverb are unaffected; PHP pinned to **8.3**.
-
-**Composer packages:** `livewire/livewire wire-elements/modal phpseclib/phpseclib laravel/reverb`.
-**NPM (Tailwind v4):** `tailwindcss @tailwindcss/vite` (+ Echo + a charts lib).
-
----
-
-## 3. Architecture notes
-
-- **Pages = full-page class-based Livewire components** mapped directly in `routes/web.php`
-  (R1/R2). No page controllers.
-- **SSH layer** (`app/Support/Ssh/`): `SshClient` (exec), `Sftp`, `CredentialVault`
-  (encrypted credentials). Domain services in `app/Services/` (`FleetService`, `MetricsPoller`,
-  `Provisioner`) orchestrate them; queued long ops go in `app/Jobs/`.
-- **Realtime:** `MetricsPoller` → broadcast events (`app/Events/`, e.g. `MetricsTicked`) over
-  **Reverb**; the Dashboard Livewire component receives them (Echo / `wire:stream`) and updates
-  the chart island. **Mock data first, real SSH after.**
-- **Open-core:** keep the core clean; Pro features behind separate modules/flags from day one.
-
----
-
-## 4. Folder map (§5 — follow exactly, R6)
-
-```
-app/
-  Livewire/                 # class-based components (full-page = routes, + nested)
-    Dashboard.php
-    Servers/{Index.php, Show.php}     # Show = Server-Details page
-    Services/Index.php
-    Files/Index.php
-    Audit/Index.php
-    Auth/{Login.php, TwoFactor.php}
-    Modals/                 # wire-elements/modal components (ConfirmDelete, ServerForm, …)
-    Concerns/               # shared traits (e.g. WithFleetContext)
-  Models/                   # Server, AuditEvent, User, …
-  Support/Ssh/              # phpseclib wrappers: SshClient, Sftp, CredentialVault
-  Services/                 # FleetService, MetricsPoller, Provisioner
-  Events/                   # broadcast events (MetricsTicked, …)
-  Jobs/                     # queued ops
-resources/
-  views/
-    livewire/               # mirrors app/Livewire (kebab-case)
-      dashboard.blade.php
-      servers/{index,show}.blade.php
-      services/index.blade.php
-      files/index.blade.php
-      audit/index.blade.php
-      modals/…
-    components/             # Blade UI: panel, kpi, status-pill, status-dot, badge,
-      …                     #   sidebar, topbar, server-item, nav-item, icon, ring
-    layouts/app.blade.php
-  css/app.css               # @import "tailwindcss"; + @theme { tokens } + base layer
-  js/app.js                 # Echo/Reverb bootstrap, Alpine islands (charts; xterm later)
-routes/web.php              # full-page Livewire routes
-config/livewire.php         # class_namespace=App\Livewire, view_path=views/livewire
-docker/                     # Dockerfile bits, php-fpm/nginx config, entrypoint
-docker-compose.yml          # DEV (build, bind-mount, Vite)
-docker-compose.prod.yml     # PROD (image from GHCR, no mount)
-.dockerignore
-handoff.md  rules.md  CLAUDE.md
-```
-
----
-
-## 5. Design system → Tailwind v4 `@theme`
-
-Direction: **"Tactical Terminal"** — dark graphite, **signal-orange** brand (softened on
-selection/active tints), **cyan** counter-accent, ops status triad, **mono for every
-number/IP/path**. All tokens live in `resources/css/app.css` (R3). Token groups:
-
-- **Surfaces:** `void, base, surface, raised, inset` → `bg-surface`, `bg-raised`, …
-- **Brand:** `accent, accent-bright, accent-deep, accent-text` → `text-accent`, `bg-accent/10`
-  (use **opacity utilities** for tints, e.g. `bg-accent/10`, `border-accent/25` — no `--accent-dim`).
-- **Counter-accent:** `cyan, cyan-bright`.
-- **Status:** `online (#35D07F)`, `warning (#E8B931)`, `offline (#FF5247)` → `text-online`, …
-- **Text ramp:** `ink, ink-2, ink-3, ink-4` → `text-ink`, `text-ink-2`, …
-- **Borders (hairline):** `line, line-soft, line-strong` → `border-line`, …
-- **Fonts:** `--font-display` (Chakra Petch), `--font-sans` (Space Grotesk), `--font-mono`
-  (JetBrains Mono) → `font-display`, `font-mono`.
-- **Radii:** `--radius-xs/sm/md/lg` → `rounded-sm`, `rounded-lg`.
-
-> Full token values are in `handoff.md` §6 — port them verbatim into `app.css`. Selection
-> (`::selection`) and active nav/server tints use `bg-accent/25` and `bg-accent/10` + `border-accent/25`
-> (keep subtle). **`../bastion` mockup is NOT present on this machine** → rebuild from §6 tokens +
-> the §11 component list; pull Lucide SVG paths directly from Lucide.
-
-**Blade components to build:** `x-panel`, `x-kpi`, `x-status-pill`, `x-status-dot`, `x-badge`,
-`x-icon` (Lucide), `x-ring`, `x-server-item`, `x-nav-item`, plus `sidebar` + `topbar` partials.
-
----
-
-## 6. Conventions
-
-- **UI copy: German**, terse/operational, **no emoji** (status = color/dots/pills). Native
-  technical tokens stay as-is (`nginx.service`, `chmod 600`, `SSH`, `2FA`). (R9)
-- **Colors:** only `@theme` token utilities in markup — never raw hex/rgb. (R3)
-- **Inline styles:** forbidden except a progress bar's `width`. (R4)
-- **Naming:** Livewire class `App\Livewire\Servers\Show` ↔ view `livewire.servers.show`
-  (kebab, mirrored path). Components in `app/Livewire/…`, views in `resources/views/livewire/…`.
-- **Pages:** full-page Livewire components as routes — no page controllers. (R1/R2)
-- **Destructive actions:** wire-elements/modal only — no `confirm()`/Alpine popups. (R5)
-- **URLs / route binding:** records exposed in URLs use a **UUID** route key, never the integer
-  PK (`getRouteKeyName(): 'uuid'`). (R11)
-- **Route paths + names are English**, always — `/settings` not `/einstellungen`, `/files` not
-  `/dateien`. German lives in the visible nav label, never in the `href`/route name. (R13)
-- **Fonts self-hosted only** — `.woff2` in `resources/fonts/` (Vite-bundled, relative
-  `url('../fonts/…')`) + `@font-face` in `app.css`; never a Google Fonts / CDN `<link>` or
-  `@import`. (R14)
-- **Responsive:** every screen at **375 / 768 / 1280+**; sidebar → drawer on small; KPI grid
-  4→2→1; tables scroll/stack; touch targets ≥ 44px. (R7)
-- **Docs language:** these meta-docs are in English; **UI strings are German**.
-
----
-
-## 7. Commands (everything in containers — R8)
-
-> Dev stack services: `app` (php-fpm + nginx + **vite** via supervisor — ONE container),
-> `reverb`, `queue`, `mariadb`, `redis`. App on **:80**, Vite HMR on **:5173**
-> (`hmr.host=10.10.90.136`). Vite is **not** a separate service. Containers run as `HOST_UID`
-> (1002 on this VM); run write-tooling as
-> `docker compose run --rm --no-deps -u "${HOST_UID}:${HOST_GID}" app …`.
-
-```bash
-# ── Stack lifecycle (DEV) ────────────────────────────────────────────────
-docker compose up -d            # start the dev stack
-docker compose logs -f app      # tail app logs
-docker compose down             # stop
-
-# ── Run tooling INSIDE the container ─────────────────────────────────────
-docker compose exec app php artisan migrate
-docker compose exec app php artisan make:livewire Servers/Show   # class + view (never make:volt)
-docker compose exec app composer require some/package
-docker compose exec app php artisan tinker
-
-# ── One-time bootstrap (host has no PHP/Composer/Node) ───────────────────
-#   run in a throwaway container or the app image:
-#   composer create-project laravel/laravel .
-#   composer require livewire/livewire wire-elements/modal phpseclib/phpseclib laravel/reverb
-#   npm install -D tailwindcss @tailwindcss/vite
-#   php artisan livewire:publish --config     # class-based, view_path set
-
-# ── Realtime / queue (run as their own services; manual run if needed) ───
-docker compose exec app php artisan reverb:start
-docker compose exec app php artisan queue:work
-
-# ── Prod deploy (plain Docker Compose — no Portainer) ────────────────────
-docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml pull
-docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml up -d
-docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml exec app php artisan migrate --force
-```
-
----
-
-## 8. Infrastructure & deploy (§8)
-
-- **Target VM:** Debian 13, **`10.10.90.136`**, **only Docker** + a sudo user. Everything in
-  containers. **No Portainer, no external orchestrator.** Dev happens on this same VM (prod-parity).
-- **`docker-compose.yml` (DEV):** `build:`, **bind-mounts** source. The `app` container runs
-  php-fpm + nginx + Vite (HMR) via supervisor (one unit). Ports/UID are **env-driven**
-  (`APP_PORT`, `VITE_PORT`, `REVERB_HOST_PORT`, `DB_PORT`, `HOST_UID`/`HOST_GID` in `.env`) —
-  nothing hardcoded. App on **:80**, Vite remote HMR (`server.host=0.0.0.0`,
-  `hmr.host=10.10.90.136`), MariaDB only on `127.0.0.1:3306`.
-- **`docker-compose.prod.yml` (PROD):** `image: ghcr.io/OWNER/clusev:<tag>` *(GHCR namespace is a
-  **placeholder `OWNER`** — set via `.env` before the first prod push)*, **no bind-mount**, assets
-  baked into the image, no Vite. Reverse proxy + TLS (Caddy/Traefik) is just another service.
-- **Deploy:** wrap pull+up+migrate in `deploy.sh` (or a CI job that SSHes in). Image flow:
-  push → CI builds + pushes to **GHCR** → `deploy.sh` pulls onto the VM. Bootstrap before CI:
-  build on the VM. Use `docker buildx` (multi-arch) only if any dev happens on arm64; prod is amd64.
-
----
-
-## 9. Repo & workflow
-
-- **Project root = `/home/nexxo/clusev`** (its own git repo). The parent `$HOME` holds only
-  `.env.gitea` + home dotfiles. Host user **nexxo = uid 1002** (`wp-test`=1000, `testwp`=1001
-  pre-existed) → `HOST_UID/HOST_GID=1002` in `.env`.
-- **Remote:** Gitea `git.bave.dev/boban/clusev.git`. Credentials live in **`.env.gitea`**
-  (untracked) — the `GIT_ACCESS_TOKEN` must later move into the app `.env`.
-- **Work on a feature branch, not `main`.** Commit in sensible steps.
-- **Secret hygiene:** `.env*` (incl. `.env.gitea`) + keys are gitignored; never commit/echo the
-  Gitea token (read it only at push time). See `rules.md` → Appendix.
-- **Verify before "done" (R12):** load **every touched page in a real browser** (headless ok) →
-  **HTTP 200** (no 500) + **zero console/network errors**; for lazy `wire:init` pages check the
-  **loaded** state, not the skeleton. A green `Livewire::test` is **not** enough. Test the 3 breakpoints.
-
----
-
-## 10. Before you code — checklist
-
-1. **Read `rules.md`.** R1–R11 are non-negotiable; on any conflict, **stop and ask**.
-2. New page? → full-page **class-based** Livewire component + route in `web.php` (R1/R2). Never Volt.
-3. Need a color/spacing? → an **`@theme` token utility** (R3). No raw hex, no inline style except
-   progress `width` (R4).
-4. Destructive/confirm? → **wire-elements/modal** (R5).
-5. Place files per the **§4 folder map** (R6). Class ↔ mirrored kebab view.
-6. Build **responsive**: 375 / 768 / 1280; ≥44px touch targets (R7).
-7. Run all tooling **inside the container** (R8).
-8. UI copy **German, no emoji**; status via color/dots/pills (R9).
-9. **Reuse** the token set + Blade component kit (R10).
-10. **Verify in a browser (R12)**: every touched route loads at **HTTP 200** with **zero console
-    errors** (loaded state of lazy pages, not the skeleton) — a green `Livewire::test` is not enough;
-    build + 3 breakpoints; then `git status` for stray secrets, commit on the feature branch.
-11. **Codex review (R15)**: run **`/codex:review`** over the change; it must report **no errors and
-    no security issues**. Fix + re-run until clean. The task is not done until Codex passes.

README.md

@@ -1,83 +1,223 @@
-# Clusev
+<div align="center">
 
-Self-hosted control panel to administer a **fleet of Linux servers from one dashboard**,
-agentless over SSH. Clusev is the control-plane (UI + orchestration); it talks to real servers
-with **phpseclib** (exec + SFTP) — it never reimplements daemons. Security-first: 2FA, encrypted
-SSH-credential vault, and a full audit log. Multi-server is free and never paywalled.
+<img src="art/clusev-banner.svg" alt="Clusev — self-hosted control plane for a fleet of Linux servers" width="100%">
 
-> Status: **v1** — dashboard/live metrics, systemd services, SFTP file manager, server details,
-> auth + 2FA. UI copy is German; meta-docs are English.
+<br>
 
-**Stack:** Laravel 13 · Livewire 3 · Tailwind v4 · Reverb (realtime) · Redis · MariaDB · phpseclib3.
-Everything runs in Docker. See `CLAUDE.md` for architecture and `rules.md` for the hard conventions.
+**One dashboard for your whole fleet. Agentless over SSH. Self-hosted, security-first, open core.**
+
+[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-AGPL--3.0-FF6B2C?style=flat-square&labelColor=0F1318)](#license)
+[![Laravel](https://img.shields.io/badge/Laravel-13-9DAAB6?style=flat-square&labelColor=0F1318)](https://laravel.com)
+[![Livewire](https://img.shields.io/badge/Livewire-3-9DAAB6?style=flat-square&labelColor=0F1318)](https://livewire.laravel.com)
+[![Docker](https://img.shields.io/badge/Docker-ready-43C1D8?style=flat-square&labelColor=0F1318)](#quick-start)
+[![Self-hosted](https://img.shields.io/badge/self--hosted-Debian%20%2F%20Ubuntu-35D07F?style=flat-square&labelColor=0F1318)](#requirements)
+
+[**Features**](#features) · [**Architecture**](#architecture) · [**Quick start**](#quick-start) · [**Domain &amp; TLS**](#access-domain--tls) · [**Security**](#security--recovery) · [**License**](#license)
+
+</div>
 
 ---
 
-## Development
+## What is Clusev
 
-The host needs only Docker (no PHP/Composer/Node). The dev `app` container runs php-fpm + nginx +
-Vite via supervisor; `reverb`, `queue`, `mariadb`, `redis` are their own services.
+**Clusev** is the control plane for a fleet of Linux servers — a modern, security-first web UI that
+administers your machines by talking to them **directly over SSH** (exec + SFTP via
+[phpseclib](https://phpseclib.com)). It installs **nothing** on the target servers and never
+reimplements their daemons; it orchestrates the real ones.
 
-```bash
-cp .env.example .env                 # then set DB_PASSWORD / DB_ROOT_PASSWORD
-docker compose up -d --build         # app on :80, Vite HMR on :5173
-docker compose run --rm --no-deps -u "${HOST_UID:-1002}:${HOST_GID:-1002}" app php artisan key:generate
-docker compose exec app php artisan migrate --seed
-```
+> **Multi-server management is free and never paywalled.** Optional Pro modules (SSO/LDAP, RBAC,
+> audit export, alerting) are separate — the core stays open.
 
-Run any tooling inside the container, e.g.
-`docker compose exec app php artisan make:livewire Servers/Show` (class-based — never Volt).
+<div align="center">
+
+| | | |
+|:--|:--|:--|
+| **Agentless** | **Security-first** | **Self-hosted** |
+| Pure SSH + SFTP. No daemon, no package, no push-agent on your servers. | 2FA, encrypted credential vault, tamper-evident audit log, per-device sessions. | One Docker stack on one VM. Your servers, your data, your keys. |
+
+</div>
 
 ---
 
-## Production install
+## Features
 
-One host, only Docker + a sudo user. **Caddy** is the single host-exposed service: auto-TLS when a
-domain is set, plain HTTP on the bare IP otherwise. `install.sh` is idempotent — it generates
-secrets once (never regenerates), brings up the prod stack, migrates, and creates the first admin
-with a **one-time random password printed only on the terminal**.
+| Capability | What you get |
+|:--|:--|
+| **Dashboard &amp; live metrics** | CPU, memory, load and disk per server, streamed in real time over WebSockets. |
+| **systemd services** | List, start / stop / restart, and tail the live journal — per service, per server. |
+| **SFTP file manager** | Browse the remote filesystem, edit text files in place, preview images. |
+| **Web terminal** | A full SSH terminal in the browser — one per server, and one for the Clusev host itself. Real PTY with tab-completion; the connection's host key is pinned against MITM. |
+| **Server details &amp; hardening** | Resource gauges, volumes, interfaces and SSH keys; UFW / firewalld rules and fail2ban status with one-click controls; a guided _"generate an SSH key and disable password login, safely"_ flow. |
+| **Security** | Pluggable 2FA (TOTP and/or hardware keys, or off), one-time backup codes, an encrypted SSH-credential vault, and a complete tamper-evident audit log. |
+| **Multiple administrators** | Add further admin accounts — every action is attributed in the audit log; view and revoke active sessions per device, per user, or globally. |
+| **Domain, TLS &amp; e-mail** | Run on a bare IP over HTTP, set a domain for automatic Let's Encrypt HTTPS, or sit behind your own reverse proxy. In-panel SMTP for password-reset mail. |
+| **WireGuard (built-in)** | Stand up a WireGuard tunnel from the dashboard, manage peers and live status, and optionally gate the panel — and even SSH — to the tunnel only. |
+
+The interface is **German by default** (English available). Status is shown the operational way —
+colour, dots and pills — never emoji.
+
+---
+
+## Architecture
+
+<div align="center">
+<img src="art/clusev-architecture.svg" alt="Operator → Clusev control plane → your fleet" width="100%">
+</div>
+
+Laravel is the **control plane**, not a re-implementation of your servers. The browser talks to it
+over HTTPS and a Reverb WebSocket for live telemetry; it reaches each server over **SSH exec + SFTP**
+using credentials sealed in an encrypted vault that never leaves the control plane. Everything runs as
+one Docker stack — `app` (php-fpm + nginx + Vite), `reverb`, `queue`, `scheduler`, `mariadb`,
+`redis` — on a single VM.
+
+| Layer | Technology |
+|:--|:--|
+| Framework | **Laravel 13** |
+| UI / interactivity | **Livewire 3** (class-based) |
+| Styling | **Tailwind v4** (CSS-first, `@theme`) |
+| Realtime | **Laravel Reverb** + Echo |
+| Queue / cache | **Redis** |
+| Database | **MariaDB** |
+| SSH transport | **phpseclib** (exec + SFTP) |
+| Reverse proxy / TLS | **Caddy** (automatic Let's Encrypt) |
+| Packaging | **Docker** + Docker Compose |
+
+---
+
+## Quick start
 
 ```bash
-git clone https://git.bave.dev/boban/clusev.git && cd clusev
-./install.sh
+sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y git   # minimal images often lack git
+git clone https://github.com/clusev/clusev.git
+cd clusev
+sudo ./install.sh
 ```
 
-Prompts (non-interactive: set `CLUSEV_DOMAIN` / `CLUSEV_ADMIN_EMAIL` in the environment):
+The installer is **idempotent** (safe to re-run) and, in one pass:
 
-```
-Domain (empty = access by IP over HTTP):   clusev.example.com
-Admin e-mail (login + Let's Encrypt):       admin@example.com
-```
+1. Installs **Docker** (Debian/Ubuntu, from Docker's official repository) if it isn't already present.
+2. Creates a dedicated **`clusev`** system user — in the `docker` group, owning and running the stack
+   — with a random password.
+3. Installs over the server's **IP address (plain HTTP)** — no domain is asked for. Prompts only for
+   the **HTTP port** (default 80) and an **admin e-mail** (default **`admin@clusev.local`**), or reads
+   `CLUSEV_ADMIN_EMAIL` / an optional `CLUSEV_DOMAIN` from the environment for an unattended install. A
+   domain with automatic HTTPS is set later in the dashboard — see [Access, domain &amp; TLS](#access-domain--tls).
+4. Generates all secrets (once — never regenerated on re-run), builds the image, starts the stack,
+   runs the migrations, and creates the first administrator with a **random initial password** printed
+   in the closing summary.
+5. Installs a themed host login banner (MOTD) showing the dashboard address and live stack status.
 
-The closing banner shows the URL + the one-time admin password. On first login Clusev **forces** a
-password change and 2FA enrolment before the panel unlocks.
+When it finishes, the terminal prints a single summary: the **dashboard URL**, the **admin login**
+(your e-mail — `admin@clusev.local` if you left it empty — plus a **random initial password**), and
+the **`clusev` host user** + its own random password. Both passwords are shown **only once** — note
+them down.
 
-### One knob: `APP_DOMAIN`
+### First login
 
-| `APP_DOMAIN` | proxy | URL | Reverb |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| *(empty)* | Caddy serves plain HTTP on `APP_PORT` | `http://<ip>` | `ws://<ip>/app/*` |
-| `clusev.example.com` | Caddy gets a Let's Encrypt cert, forces HTTPS | `https://…` | `wss://…/app/*` |
+Log in with your admin e-mail and the **initial password from the installer's summary**. Setting your
+own password is **recommended** — a banner keeps reminding you until you do — but no longer forced, so a
+missed reminder can never lock you out of your own panel. You can change the login e-mail later under
+**Settings → Profile**. 2FA is **optional but recommended** — enable TOTP and/or a security key from
+**Settings → Security** whenever you like. A short **guided tour** highlights the key areas on first
+login (replay it any time from Settings).
 
-`SITE_ADDRESS`, `APP_URL`, `REVERB_*` are **derived** from it by the installer — nothing hardcoded.
-Bare-IP mode serves 2FA/audit over cleartext HTTP; the installer warns loudly. Let's Encrypt needs
-publicly reachable 80/443 — a private (RFC1918) target needs a DNS-01 Caddy build instead.
+---
 
-### Manual deploy (for operators who don't `curl | bash`)
+## Requirements
+
+**The Clusev panel host** — the one VM that runs the dashboard:
+
+- **OS:** Debian 12/13 or Ubuntu 22.04/24.04, with **root** access.
+- **CPU / RAM:** 1 vCPU and **1 GB RAM** minimum (**2 GB recommended**) — the whole Docker stack
+  (app, MariaDB, Redis, Reverb, queue) runs here.
+- **Disk:** ~**5 GB** free minimum (**10 GB+** recommended — image and database grow over time).
+- **Network:** a **public IP**; optionally a domain whose DNS points at the server (for automatic
+  HTTPS — Let's Encrypt needs ports **80/443** reachable).
+- **Tools:** only **git** to fetch the repo — the installer sets up Docker and everything else.
+
+**The servers you manage** need **nothing installed** — just **SSH** reachable from the panel and a
+standard Linux `/proc`. Full control (service management + hardening) additionally needs **systemd**
+and one of `apt` / `dnf` / `zypper`. See [**Supported operating systems**](#supported-operating-systems).
+
+---
+
+## Supported operating systems
+
+Clusev is **agentless** — it manages whatever it can reach over SSH. How much works depends on the
+target's init system and package manager:
+
+| OS family | Metrics | systemd services | Hardening<br>(SSH · fail2ban · firewall · auto-updates) |
+|:--|:-:|:-:|:-:|
+| **Debian · Ubuntu** (and derivatives) | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
+| **RHEL · Fedora · Rocky · AlmaLinux · CentOS Stream · Amazon Linux** | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
+| **openSUSE · SLES** | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
+| **Arch** | ✅ | ✅ | ⚠️ not yet (`pacman` not wired) |
+| **Alpine** (OpenRC) | ✅ | ❌ no systemd | ❌ |
+| **Other / unidentified Linux** | ✅ if `/proc` present | ❌ | ❌ |
+
+**Metrics** (CPU, memory, disk, load) read from `/proc` and work on essentially any Linux. **Service
+control** needs **systemd**. **Hardening** uses the host's firewall (`ufw` / `firewalld`) and package
+manager (`apt` / `dnf` / `zypper`); where those aren't present, the action is shown as unavailable
+rather than failing silently.
+
+---
+
+## Access, domain &amp; TLS
+
+- **Bare IP (no domain):** served over plain HTTP at `http://<server-ip>`. This address always stays
+  reachable as a recovery path, even after a domain is configured.
+- **With a domain:** set it in the dashboard under **System → Domain &amp; TLS** at any time (or preset
+  `CLUSEV_DOMAIN` at install for an unattended setup). The panel
+  obtains and renews a Let's Encrypt certificate automatically and serves HTTPS — just point DNS at the
+  server. (Let's Encrypt needs publicly reachable ports 80/443.)
+- **Behind your own reverse proxy** (one that already terminates TLS): switch _TLS-Terminierung_ to
+  **Externer Reverse-Proxy** in System → Domain &amp; TLS. The panel then serves HTTP only and trusts
+  the proxy's forwarded scheme — set `TRUSTED_PROXY_CIDR` to the proxy's address and firewall the HTTP
+  port so only the proxy can reach it.
+
+Domain/TLS changes apply on a stack restart — use the **"Jetzt neu starten"** button in System (no
+terminal needed; a small, scoped host service performs the restart).
+
+---
+
+## Updating
 
 ```bash
-docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml build
-docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml up -d
-docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml exec -u app app php artisan migrate --force
-docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml exec -u app app php artisan clusev:install --email=admin@example.com
+sudo clusev update       # pulls the latest code, then rebuilds, restarts and migrates
 ```
 
-> In-dashboard updates (signed intent file + host-side updater, digest-pinned, cosign-verified,
-> 2FA-gated, with backup + rollback) are designed in `docs/install-update-design.md` and land in
-> v1.x — they are intentionally **not** shipped yet.
+`sudo clusev update` fast-forwards the repo (it never discards local changes), re-runs the idempotent
+installer non-interactively, and updates itself if the script changed. Secrets and the configured
+domain / e-mail are preserved. (The older two-step `git pull && sudo ./install.sh` still works.)
+
+---
+
+## Security &amp; recovery
+
+The **forgot-password** screen offers self-service recovery: an **e-mail reset link** (valid 15
+minutes) when SMTP is configured, or an inline **2FA-proof reset** (e-mail + TOTP or a backup code +
+new password) as a fallback.
+
+Completely locked out (lost password and 2FA, no SMTP)? Recover from the host:
+
+```bash
+clusev reset-admin
+```
+
+This clears the second factor so you can set a new password on the next login. The bare-IP
+`http://<server-ip>` address is also always available if a domain becomes unreachable. (This command
+is documented in-panel under Settings → Security and is deliberately not shown on the public
+forgot-password screen.)
 
 ---
 
 ## License
 
-AGPL core + commercial Pro modules (open-core). Multi-server fleet management is always free.
+Open core, **AGPL-3.0** — multi-server fleet management is always free; optional Pro modules (SSO/LDAP,
+RBAC, audit export, alerting) are separate.
+
+<div align="center">
+
+**Project home — [github.com/clusev/clusev](https://github.com/clusev/clusev)**
+
+</div>

app/Console/Commands/CheckUpdate.php

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use App\Services\ReleaseChecker;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+
+/**
+ * Refresh the cached latest-release tag so the global sidebar update badge stays accurate without
+ * the operator first opening the Versions page. Anonymous + read-only against the public Git host.
+ */
+class CheckUpdate extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature = 'clusev:check-update';
+
+    protected $description = 'Refresh the cached latest-release tag (keeps the sidebar update badge warm).';
+
+    public function handle(ReleaseChecker $checker): int
+    {
+        $tag = $checker->refresh();
+        $this->info($tag !== null ? "latest release: v{$tag}" : 'remote unreachable — keeping the previous cache');
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}

app/Console/Commands/Install.php

@@ -9,18 +9,27 @@ use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 /**
  * Idempotent first-run bootstrap (called by install.sh, phase 7).
  *
- * Creates the initial admin with a one-time random password that is printed
- * exactly once on stdout — never written to .env, a file, or the database in
- * plaintext. Re-running once an admin exists is a hard no-op (INSTALL_LOCK
- * idiom): no default credential, no "first-visitor-wins" claim window.
+ * Creates the initial admin with a RANDOM initial password (printed once by install.sh from the
+ * CLUSEV_ADMIN_PASSWORD line below) rather than a guessable literal — rotation is optional now, so a
+ * well-known default like "clusev" would be a standing takeover credential. `must_change_password` is
+ * still set (the banner nudges a rotation), but even if kept, the generated secret is not guessable.
+ * Re-running once an admin exists is a hard no-op.
  */
 class Install extends Command
 {
+    /**
+     * Standard default admin e-mail (login + Let's-Encrypt contact) when none is given. A fixed,
+     * predictable value so a fresh, unattended install always logs in at admin@clusev.local —
+     * not a host-derived address the operator would have to guess. Override with --email /
+     * CLUSEV_ADMIN_EMAIL, or change it later under Settings → Profile.
+     */
+    private const DEFAULT_EMAIL = 'admin@clusev.local';
+
     protected $signature = "clusev:install
         {--email= : Admin-Login + Let's-Encrypt-E-Mail}
         {--name=Administrator : Anzeigename des Admins}";
 
-    protected $description = 'Idempotenter Erstlauf: legt den ersten Admin mit Einmal-Zufallspasswort an';
+    protected $description = 'Idempotenter Erstlauf: legt den ersten Admin mit zufälligem Initialpasswort an (Wechsel empfohlen, nicht erzwungen)';
 
     public function handle(): int
     {
@@ -30,8 +39,7 @@ class Install extends Command
             return self::SUCCESS;
         }
 
-        $host = parse_url((string) config('app.url'), PHP_URL_HOST) ?: 'localhost';
-        $email = (string) ($this->option('email') ?: "admin@{$host}");
+        $email = (string) ($this->option('email') ?: self::DEFAULT_EMAIL);
 
         if (! filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
             $this->error("Ungueltige Admin-E-Mail: {$email}");
@@ -39,22 +47,24 @@ class Install extends Command
             return self::FAILURE;
         }
 
-        $password = Str::password(20);
+        // Random, non-guessable initial password (printed once below). Satisfies any policy.
+        $password = Str::password(16);
 
         $user = User::create([
             'name' => (string) ($this->option('name') ?: 'Administrator'),
             'email' => $email,
             'password' => $password,            // 'hashed' cast hashes on save
-            'must_change_password' => true,     // forces rotate + 2FA on first login
+            'must_change_password' => true,     // nudges a rotation on first login (optional)
+            'role' => 'admin',                  // the first/root account is a full administrator
         ]);
 
-        // One-time password marker — the ONLY place the plaintext appears.
-        // install.sh greps these two lines for the closing banner; never stored.
+        // install.sh greps these two lines for the closing banner — this is the ONLY time the
+        // generated password is shown, so the operator must note it now.
         $this->newLine();
         $this->line('CLUSEV_ADMIN_EMAIL='.$user->email);
         $this->line('CLUSEV_ADMIN_PASSWORD='.$password);
         $this->newLine();
-        $this->info('Admin angelegt. Passwort erscheint nur jetzt und wird nicht gespeichert.');
+        $this->info('Admin angelegt. Generiertes Passwort jetzt notieren — es wird nur einmal angezeigt.');
 
         return self::SUCCESS;
     }

app/Console/Commands/PollMetrics.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace App\Console\Commands;
 
 use App\Events\MetricsTicked;
 use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Services\AlertEvaluator;
 use App\Services\FleetService;
 use App\Support\Ssh\CredentialVault;
 use App\Support\Ssh\SshClient;
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ class PollMetrics extends Command
 
     protected $description = 'Poll real metrics over SSH for credentialed servers, persist + broadcast';
 
-    public function handle(FleetService $fleet, CredentialVault $vault): int
+    public function handle(FleetService $fleet, CredentialVault $vault, AlertEvaluator $alerts): int
     {
         $interval = max(2, (int) $this->option('interval'));
 
@@ -36,10 +37,22 @@ class PollMetrics extends Command
         $clients = [];
 
         do {
-            $servers = Server::has('credential')->get();
+            // Only servers with a PRESENT, non-disabled credential. A credential disabled
+            // between ticks drops the server here, so its cached connection is no longer polled
+            // (the vault refuses a fresh connect, but a reused long-lived session would not
+            // re-check disabled_at). Prune any cached client whose server just left the set so
+            // the revoked server's open session is closed promptly, not left idle until exit.
+            $servers = Server::withActiveCredential()->get();
+            $activeIds = $servers->pluck('id')->all();
+            foreach (array_keys($clients) as $id) {
+                if (! in_array($id, $activeIds, true)) {
+                    $clients[$id]->disconnect();
+                    unset($clients[$id]);
+                }
+            }
 
             if ($servers->isEmpty()) {
-                $this->warn('Keine Server mit Credential — nichts zu pollen.');
+                $this->warn('Keine Server mit aktivem Credential — nichts zu pollen.');
             }
 
             foreach ($servers as $server) {
@@ -47,8 +60,9 @@ class PollMetrics extends Command
                     $clients[$server->id] ??= (new SshClient($vault, timeout: 12))->connect($server);
 
                     $m = $fleet->readMetrics($clients[$server->id]);
-                    $fleet->applyMetrics($server, $m);
+                    $fleet->applyMetrics($server, $m); // forceFills the fresh status onto $server
                     broadcast(new MetricsTicked($m['cpu'], $m['mem'], $server->name));
+                    $this->evaluateAlerts($alerts, $server, $m, $server->status);
 
                     $this->line("ok {$server->name} cpu={$m['cpu']} mem={$m['mem']} disk={$m['disk']} load={$m['load']}");
                 } catch (Throwable $e) {
@@ -58,6 +72,7 @@ class PollMetrics extends Command
                         unset($clients[$server->id]);
                     }
                     $server->forceFill(['status' => 'offline'])->save();
+                    $this->evaluateAlerts($alerts, $server, [], 'offline'); // an offline rule fires here
                     $this->warn("offline {$server->name}: ".$e->getMessage());
                 }
             }
@@ -75,4 +90,19 @@ class PollMetrics extends Command
 
         return self::SUCCESS;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Run the alert rules for a freshly-polled server. Best-effort: an alerting/notification error
+     * must NEVER kill the poll loop, so any throwable is caught and logged as a warning line.
+     *
+     * @param  array<string, int|float|string>  $metrics
+     */
+    private function evaluateAlerts(AlertEvaluator $alerts, Server $server, array $metrics, string $status): void
+    {
+        try {
+            $alerts->evaluate($server, $metrics, $status);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->warn("alert eval failed {$server->name}: ".$e->getMessage());
+        }
+    }
 }

app/Console/Commands/PruneAudit.php

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\Setting;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+
+/**
+ * Enforce the audit-log retention policy: delete audit_events older than the
+ * configured number of days. The policy lives in the `audit_retention_days`
+ * setting (managed from the Audit page); empty or 0 means "keep forever".
+ *
+ * Scheduled daily in routes/console.php.
+ */
+class PruneAudit extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature = 'clusev:prune-audit';
+
+    protected $description = 'Prune audit_events older than the configured retention window';
+
+    public function handle(): int
+    {
+        $days = (int) Setting::get('audit_retention_days', '0');
+
+        if ($days <= 0) {
+            $this->info('Aufbewahrung unbegrenzt — nichts zu tun');
+
+            return self::SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        $deleted = AuditEvent::where('created_at', '<', now()->subDays($days))->delete();
+
+        $this->info("Aufbewahrung {$days} Tage — {$deleted} Audit-Einträge gelöscht");
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}

app/Console/Commands/ResetAdmin.php

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+
+/**
+ * Emergency, shell-only recovery: resets the admin password (and optionally 2FA)
+ * when the operator is locked out (lost password + authenticator + backup codes).
+ * Requires server access, so it is a safe last resort.
+ */
+class ResetAdmin extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature = 'clusev:reset-admin
+        {--email= : E-Mail des Admin-Kontos (sonst der einzige Benutzer)}
+        {--password= : Neues Passwort (zufällig erzeugt, falls leer)}
+        {--disable-2fa : 2FA + Backup-Codes ebenfalls zurücksetzen}';
+
+    protected $description = 'Notfall-Reset: setzt das Admin-Passwort (und optional 2FA) per Shell zurück';
+
+    public function handle(): int
+    {
+        $email = (string) $this->option('email');
+        $user = $email !== ''
+            ? User::where('email', $email)->first()
+            : (User::count() === 1 ? User::first() : null);
+
+        if (! $user) {
+            $this->error($email !== '' ? "Kein Benutzer mit E-Mail {$email}." : 'Kein eindeutiger Benutzer — bitte --email angeben.');
+
+            return self::FAILURE;
+        }
+
+        $password = (string) ($this->option('password') ?: Str::password(20));
+        // Rotate remember_token so any previously issued remember-me cookie is revoked.
+        $user->forceFill([
+            'password' => Hash::make($password),
+            'must_change_password' => false,
+            'remember_token' => Str::random(60),
+            // Restore full admin rights — this is a lockout-recovery path, so the operator must
+            // regain the control plane regardless of the account's prior role.
+            'role' => 'admin',
+        ]);
+
+        if ($this->option('disable-2fa')) {
+            $user->forceFill([
+                'two_factor_secret' => null,
+                'two_factor_confirmed_at' => null,
+                'two_factor_recovery_codes' => null,
+            ]);
+            // Drop security keys too — a key that prompted the emergency reset must not
+            // silently revive when 2FA is re-enabled.
+            $user->webauthnCredentials()->delete();
+        }
+
+        $user->save();
+
+        $this->info("Passwort für {$user->email} zurückgesetzt.");
+        if (! $this->option('password')) {
+            $this->warn("Neues Passwort (jetzt notieren): {$password}");
+        }
+        if ($this->option('disable-2fa')) {
+            $this->info('2FA + Backup-Codes entfernt — beim nächsten Login neu einrichten.');
+        }
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}

app/Console/Commands/SampleMetrics.php

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use App\Models\MetricSample;
+use App\Models\Server;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
+
+/**
+ * Persist a once-a-minute resource sample per server — the long history the Server-Details graph
+ * plots. The source of truth is the `servers` DB ROW the 15s poller forceFills every tick (cpu/mem/
+ * disk + last_seen_at), NOT a cache: the poller and this command run in SEPARATE containers in prod,
+ * so a cache-backed read only worked when the cache store happened to be shared. Reading the row
+ * means history is collected whenever the live gauges have data (they read the same row), regardless
+ * of the cache driver. A server not freshly polled (never polled / offline — last_seen_at stale)
+ * simply gets no sample (an honest gap). `load` is not on the row, so it is taken from the live cache
+ * best-effort when present (stored but not plotted). Prunes beyond the retention window. Scheduled
+ * everyMinute in routes/console.php.
+ */
+class SampleMetrics extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature = 'clusev:sample-metrics {--retention=30 : Days of history to keep}';
+
+    protected $description = 'Persist a one-per-minute metric history sample per server (and prune old samples)';
+
+    public function handle(): int
+    {
+        $now = now();
+        // Only servers the 15s poller updated recently — a stale row means offline / no credential,
+        // and sampling it would plot a flatline of its last-known values. 90s tolerates a missed tick.
+        $fresh = $now->copy()->subSeconds(90);
+        $rows = [];
+
+        foreach (Server::query()->get(['id', 'cpu', 'mem', 'disk', 'last_seen_at']) as $server) {
+            if ($server->last_seen_at === null || $server->last_seen_at->lt($fresh)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // load is not persisted on the row; best-effort from the live cache when the store is shared.
+            $cached = Cache::get("metrics:latest:{$server->id}");
+            $rows[] = [
+                'server_id' => $server->id,
+                // Percentages — clamp to 0..100 so a stray reading can never plot outside the chart.
+                'cpu' => min(100, max(0, (int) $server->cpu)),
+                'mem' => min(100, max(0, (int) $server->mem)),
+                'disk' => min(100, max(0, (int) $server->disk)),
+                'load' => is_array($cached) ? round((float) ($cached['load'] ?? 0), 2) : 0.0,
+                'sampled_at' => $now,
+            ];
+        }
+
+        if ($rows !== []) {
+            MetricSample::insert($rows);
+        }
+
+        $retention = max(1, (int) $this->option('retention'));
+        MetricSample::where('sampled_at', '<', now()->subDays($retention))->delete();
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}

app/Console/Commands/SnapshotDomain.php

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use App\Services\DeploymentService;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+
+/**
+ * Freeze the currently-configured panel domain as the ACTIVE one for this container's
+ * lifetime. Run by the entrypoint at every container start, so a dashboard domain change
+ * takes effect on restart (and never mid-session).
+ *
+ * The snapshot itself is the readiness probe: it returns false until the setting can be
+ * read authoritatively (database reachable AND the settings table migrated — neither is
+ * guaranteed at startup: depends_on health isn't honored on host reboot, and on a fresh
+ * install the app starts before install.sh migrates). We retry until it succeeds, and only
+ * if it never does do we freeze the install-time env fallback — so a snapshot file always
+ * exists and the active domain is never a live value that could shift after startup.
+ */
+class SnapshotDomain extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature = 'clusev:snapshot-domain {--tries=30}';
+
+    protected $description = 'Snapshot the configured panel domain as the active serving domain (run at container start)';
+
+    public function handle(DeploymentService $deployment): int
+    {
+        $tries = max(1, (int) $this->option('tries'));
+
+        for ($i = 1; $i <= $tries; $i++) {
+            if ($deployment->snapshotActiveDomain()) {
+                $this->info('Active domain: '.($deployment->domain() ?? '(bare IP / HTTP)'));
+
+                return self::SUCCESS;
+            }
+
+            if ($i < $tries) {
+                sleep(1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Settings never became readable in time. Keep any existing snapshot (last-known-good,
+        // frozen); only if none exists, freeze the install-time env fallback — so the active
+        // domain is always a FIXED snapshot and never falls back to a live value that could
+        // change once the DB/migrations catch up (which would break the restart boundary).
+        if ($deployment->hasSnapshot()) {
+            $this->warn('Settings not reachable; kept the existing active-domain snapshot.');
+        } else {
+            $deployment->snapshotFallback();
+            $this->warn('Settings not reachable; froze the install-time domain (dashboard override applies on the next ready restart).');
+        }
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}

app/Console/Commands/UnbanIp.php

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use App\Services\BruteforceGuard;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+
+class UnbanIp extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature = 'clusev:unban {ip? : Zu entsperrende IP-Adresse} {--all : Alle aktiven Bänne entfernen}';
+
+    protected $description = 'Entfernt App-Level-IP-Bänne des Anmeldeschutzes per Shell (Aussperr-Rettung)';
+
+    public function handle(BruteforceGuard $guard): int
+    {
+        if ($this->option('all')) {
+            $count = $guard->unbanAll();
+            $this->info("{$count} Bann/Bänne entfernt.");
+
+            return self::SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        $ip = (string) $this->argument('ip');
+        if ($ip === '') {
+            $this->error('Bitte eine IP angeben oder --all verwenden.');
+
+            return self::FAILURE;
+        }
+
+        $guard->unban($ip);
+        $this->info("Bann für {$ip} entfernt (falls vorhanden).");
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}

app/Console/Commands/WgSample.php

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use App\Models\WgTrafficSample;
+use App\Services\WgStatus;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+
+class WgSample extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature = 'clusev:wg-sample {--retention=7 : Days of history to keep}';
+
+    protected $description = 'Persist a WireGuard traffic sample per peer (and prune old samples)';
+
+    public function handle(WgStatus $wg): int
+    {
+        $status = $wg->read();
+
+        if (($status['configured'] ?? false) && ! ($status['stale'] ?? true)) {
+            $now = now();
+            $rows = [];
+            foreach ($status['peers'] ?? [] as $peer) {
+                $rows[] = [
+                    'peer_pubkey' => (string) ($peer['pubkey'] ?? ''),
+                    'peer_name' => ($peer['name'] ?? '') !== '' ? (string) $peer['name'] : null,
+                    'rx' => (int) ($peer['rx'] ?? 0),
+                    'tx' => (int) ($peer['tx'] ?? 0),
+                    'sampled_at' => $now,
+                ];
+            }
+            if ($rows !== []) {
+                WgTrafficSample::insert($rows);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $retention = max(1, (int) $this->option('retention'));
+        WgTrafficSample::where('sampled_at', '<', now()->subDays($retention))->delete();
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}

app/Enums/Role.php

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Enums;
+
+/**
+ * Account role. Hierarchy: admin > operator > viewer. admin has every ability; operator can run
+ * day-to-day operations (services, files, terminal to managed servers) but not the dangerous
+ * control-plane actions; viewer is read-only.
+ */
+enum Role: string
+{
+    case Admin = 'admin';
+    case Operator = 'operator';
+    case Viewer = 'viewer';
+
+    /** Numeric rank for hierarchy comparisons. */
+    public function rank(): int
+    {
+        return match ($this) {
+            self::Admin => 3,
+            self::Operator => 2,
+            self::Viewer => 1,
+        };
+    }
+
+    /** True when this role is at least as privileged as $other. */
+    public function atLeast(self $other): bool
+    {
+        return $this->rank() >= $other->rank();
+    }
+
+    /** Localised label (lang/{de,en}/roles.php key role_<value>). */
+    public function label(): string
+    {
+        return (string) __('roles.role_'.$this->value);
+    }
+}

app/Events/MetricsTicked.php

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 namespace App\Events;
 
-use Illuminate\Broadcasting\Channel;
 use Illuminate\Broadcasting\InteractsWithSockets;
+use Illuminate\Broadcasting\PrivateChannel;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Broadcasting\ShouldBroadcast;
 use Illuminate\Foundation\Events\Dispatchable;
 use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
@@ -22,9 +22,11 @@ class MetricsTicked implements ShouldBroadcast
         public string $server = 'web-01',
     ) {}
 
-    public function broadcastOn(): Channel
+    public function broadcastOn(): PrivateChannel
     {
-        return new Channel('metrics');
+        // PRIVATE: requires /broadcasting/auth (see routes/channels.php). Infrastructure
+        // metrics must not be subscribable by anyone holding the public app key.
+        return new PrivateChannel('metrics');
     }
 
     public function broadcastAs(): string

app/Exceptions/DockerNotInstalled.php

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Exceptions;
+
+use RuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown by DockerService::containers() when the `docker` binary is absent on the target (a native
+ * server with no container runtime), as opposed to a daemon-down / permission fault. Detecting this
+ * from the single `docker ps` call lets the pages render the honest "not installed" state WITHOUT a
+ * second SSH round-trip just to probe availability.
+ */
+class DockerNotInstalled extends RuntimeException {}

app/Http/Controllers/HoneypotController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Controllers;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Services\BruteforceGuard;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Http\Response;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+
+/**
+ * Honeypot deception layer. Handles requests to decoy paths (routes/web.php, above the guest
+ * group) that no legitimate client ever visits — /.env, /wp-login.php, /phpmyadmin, … A hit is
+ * proof of a hostile probe, so we: audit it, instant-ban the source IP (BruteforceGuard::banNow,
+ * exempt/loopback are skipped), and return a small, self-contained DECEPTIVE body so the attacker
+ * keeps chasing the bait instead of noticing a real panel behind it. Attacker-facing strings are
+ * intentionally NOT localized (they impersonate generic third-party software).
+ */
+class HoneypotController extends Controller
+{
+    /**
+     * Per-IP cap on decoy audit rows written in a rolling hour. The decoy routes run WITHOUT
+     * BlockBannedIp (an already-banned prober still gets the bait), so a single source can loop
+     * over wildcard paths indefinitely — this bounds how far it can grow audit_events. The ban +
+     * the deception still happen past the cap; only the (redundant) extra audit rows are dropped.
+     */
+    private const AUDIT_CAP_PER_HOUR = 60;
+
+    public function trap(Request $request): Response
+    {
+        // Feature off → behave exactly like an ordinary 404 for these paths (no ban, no audit).
+        if (! config('clusev.honeypot.enabled')) {
+            abort(404);
+        }
+
+        // An AUTHENTICATED user hitting a decoy is a stray request, NOT an attacker: behave like an
+        // ordinary 404 (no ban, no deception, no audit) so a logged-in operator/admin never self-bans.
+        if (auth()->check()) {
+            abort(404);
+        }
+
+        $ip = (string) $request->ip();
+
+        // An active (non-safe) method is a real attack attempt; a safe read (GET/HEAD/OPTIONS) is merely
+        // viewing a decoy. Only an attempt bans, so simply opening a fake page never locks anyone out of
+        // the real panel (an operator testing the honeypot, or a mistaken click, stays free).
+        //
+        // Use getRealMethod() — the RAW REQUEST_METHOD — NOT isMethod()/getMethod(): those honor the
+        // `_method` body/query field and the X-HTTP-Method-Override header, so an attacker could send a
+        // real POST spoofed as `_method=PUT` to make isMethod('post') false and dodge the instant-ban
+        // entirely (the decoys are Route::any, so the override still routes here). Ban any non-safe verb.
+        $isAttempt = ! in_array($request->getRealMethod(), ['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS'], true);
+
+        // BAN FIRST, and independently of the audit. The instant-ban IS the protection; it must never be
+        // skipped because a later step throws on hostile input. Guarded on its own so that even a ban
+        // failure (e.g. a momentary DB outage) still serves the deception below.
+        //
+        // We deliberately do NOT try to spare a "cross-site forged" POST by inspecting the Origin header:
+        // the header is attacker-controlled, so any Origin-based skip is a trivial UNIVERSAL ban-evasion
+        // (a scanner just sends a foreign Origin) — strictly worse than the narrow reflected-griefing it
+        // would prevent. Honeypot bans are time-limited and unban-able from the Threats page.
+        if ($isAttempt) {
+            try {
+                app(BruteforceGuard::class)->banNow($ip, 'honeypot');
+            } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+                report($e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Audit the probe (best-effort, rate-capped). Fully isolated: a logging failure must not affect
+        // the ban above or the response — an unhandled throw here would otherwise surface a Laravel 500
+        // that UNMASKS the fake.
+        try {
+            $this->auditProbe($request, $ip, $isAttempt);
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            report($e);
+        }
+
+        return $this->deceive($request);
+    }
+
+    /** Record the probe as an audit event, rate-capped per source IP (see AUDIT_CAP_PER_HOUR). */
+    private function auditProbe(Request $request, string $ip, bool $isAttempt): void
+    {
+        // Bound audit growth per source IP WITHOUT a check-then-act race: `add` seeds the counter with a
+        // 1-hour TTL on the first hit only, then the atomic `increment` both counts and returns the new
+        // total (Redis INCR keeps the TTL). Concurrent hits can at most overshoot by the concurrency
+        // count — fine for a DoS bound. Past the cap we drop the redundant row (the ban already happened).
+        $capKey = 'honeypot:audit:'.md5($ip);
+        Cache::add($capKey, 0, now()->addHour());
+        if (Cache::increment($capKey) > self::AUDIT_CAP_PER_HOUR) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Attacker-controlled strings are scrubbed to valid UTF-8 before they reach the array-cast
+        // `meta` column: a raw invalid byte (e.g. a lone 0x80 in the password field or User-Agent)
+        // would make json_encode throw JsonEncodingException on the cast. mb_scrub replaces ill-formed
+        // sequences with the Unicode substitute char.
+        $clean = static fn (?string $v, int $n = 190): string => Str::limit(mb_scrub((string) $v), $n);
+
+        $meta = [
+            'ua' => $clean($request->userAgent()),
+            'method' => $request->method(),
+            'query' => $clean($request->getQueryString()),
+        ];
+
+        // Capture the credentials a prober typed into the fake login — their guesses, which are threat
+        // intel (a legitimate user never reaches a decoy). The field names span the impersonated apps:
+        // WordPress (log/pwd), phpMyAdmin (pma_username/pma_password), and the generic form.
+        $user = $request->input('log') ?? $request->input('pma_username') ?? $request->input('username');
+        $pass = $request->input('pwd') ?? $request->input('pma_password') ?? $request->input('password');
+        if (is_string($user) && $user !== '') {
+            $meta['tried_user'] = $clean($user, 120);
+        }
+        if (is_string($pass) && $pass !== '') {
+            $meta['tried_pass'] = $clean($pass, 120);
+        }
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => null,
+            'actor' => 'system',
+            'action' => $isAttempt ? 'security.honeypot_login' : 'security.honeypot_hit',
+            'target' => $clean($request->path()),
+            'ip' => $ip,
+            'meta' => $meta,
+        ]);
+
+        if ($isAttempt) {
+            AuditEvent::forgetThreatLoginCount(); // refresh the sidebar Threats badge immediately
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Pick a convincing fake response for the probed path. */
+    private function deceive(Request $request): Response
+    {
+        $path = strtolower($request->path());
+
+        if ($path === '.env') {
+            return response($this->fakeDotenv(), 200, ['Content-Type' => 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8']);
+        }
+
+        if ($path === '.git/config') {
+            return response($this->fakeGitConfig(), 200, ['Content-Type' => 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8']);
+        }
+
+        if (str_starts_with($path, 'wp-login.php') || str_starts_with($path, 'wp-admin')) {
+            return response($this->fakeWordPress(), 200, ['Content-Type' => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8']);
+        }
+
+        if (str_starts_with($path, 'phpmyadmin')) {
+            return response($this->fakePhpMyAdmin(), 200, ['Content-Type' => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8']);
+        }
+
+        return response($this->fakeGenericLogin(), 200, ['Content-Type' => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8']);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Plausible-looking dotenv seeded with the per-install canaries (the bait) when configured. When a
+     * canary is empty (unconfigured/dev), a plausible static value is served instead so the decoy still
+     * looks authentic — it is simply not registered as a detectable honeytoken.
+     */
+    private function fakeDotenv(): string
+    {
+        $c = (array) config('clusev.honeypot.canaries');
+
+        $appKey = ($c['app_key'] ?? '') !== '' ? $c['app_key'] : 'base64:H0n3yP0tC4n4ryK3yD0N0tUs3AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0=';
+        $dbPassword = ($c['db_password'] ?? '') !== '' ? $c['db_password'] : 'Sup3rS3cr3t-Pr0d-DB-9f2a7c';
+        $apiKey = ($c['api_key'] ?? '') !== '' ? $c['api_key'] : 'a7f3c9e1d5b04826bf1a3c7e9d2f6b84';
+
+        return implode("\n", [
+            'APP_NAME=Application',
+            'APP_ENV=production',
+            'APP_KEY='.$appKey,
+            'APP_DEBUG=false',
+            'APP_URL=https://app.internal.example.com',
+            '',
+            'DB_CONNECTION=mysql',
+            'DB_HOST=10.20.0.14',
+            'DB_PORT=3306',
+            'DB_DATABASE=app_production',
+            'DB_USERNAME=app_prod',
+            'DB_PASSWORD='.$dbPassword,
+            '',
+            'API_KEY='.$apiKey,
+            'AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE',
+            'AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY',
+            'AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=eu-central-1',
+            '',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /** Plausible fake git config (an [core]/[remote "origin"] INI) so the /.git/config decoy looks real. */
+    private function fakeGitConfig(): string
+    {
+        return implode("\n", [
+            '[core]',
+            "\trepositoryformatversion = 0",
+            "\tfilemode = true",
+            "\tbare = false",
+            "\tlogallrefupdates = true",
+            '[remote "origin"]',
+            "\turl = https://git.internal.example.com/app/backend.git",
+            "\tfetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*",
+            '[branch "main"]',
+            "\tremote = origin",
+            "\tmerge = refs/heads/main",
+            '',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    private function fakeWordPress(): string
+    {
+        return <<<'HTML'
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en-US">
+<head>
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+<title>Log In &lsaquo; Blog &#8212; WordPress</title>
+<style>
+html{background:#f0f0f1}
+body{background:#f0f0f1;color:#3c434a;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:1.4;margin:0}
+#login{width:320px;padding:8% 0 0;margin:auto}
+#login h1{text-align:center;margin:0 0 25px}
+#login h1 a{display:inline-block;line-height:0}
+#login h1 svg{width:84px;height:84px;fill:#3c434a}
+.screen-reader-text{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px)}
+#loginform{background:#fff;border:1px solid #c3c4c7;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.04);padding:26px 24px;margin:0 0 16px;overflow:hidden}
+#loginform p{margin:0 0 16px}
+#loginform label{color:#3c434a;font-size:14px;display:block;margin-bottom:3px}
+#loginform .input{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:24px;line-height:1.33;padding:3px 8px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #8c8f94;border-radius:4px;color:#2c3338;min-height:40px}
+#loginform .input:focus{border-color:#2271b1;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #2271b1;outline:2px solid transparent}
+.forgetmenot label{display:inline!important;font-size:12px}
+.submit{margin:0!important;text-align:right}
+.button-primary{background:#2271b1;border:1px solid #2271b1;color:#fff;border-radius:3px;padding:0 14px;height:36px;font-size:14px;line-height:34px;cursor:pointer}
+#nav,#backtoblog{margin:24px 0 0;text-align:center;font-size:13px}
+#nav a,#backtoblog a{color:#50575e;text-decoration:none}
+#nav a:hover{color:#135e96}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body class="login">
+<div id="login">
+<h1><a href="https://wordpress.org/"><svg viewBox="0 0 122.5 122.5" role="img" aria-label="WordPress"><path d="M8.7,61.3c0,20.8,12.1,38.7,29.6,47.3L13.2,39.9C10.3,46.4,8.7,53.7,8.7,61.3z M96.7,58.6c0-6.5-2.3-11-4.3-14.5c-2.6-4.3-5.1-8-5.1-12.3c0-4.8,3.7-9.3,8.9-9.3c0.2,0,0.5,0,0.7,0c-9.4-8.6-21.9-13.9-35.7-13.9c-18.5,0-34.7,9.5-44.2,23.9c1.2,0,2.4,0.1,3.3,0.1c5.5,0,14-0.7,14-0.7c2.8-0.2,3.2,4,0.3,4.3c0,0-2.9,0.3-6,0.5l19,56.5l11.4-34.2l-8.1-22.3c-2.8-0.2-5.5-0.5-5.5-0.5c-2.8-0.2-2.5-4.5,0.3-4.3c0,0,8.7,0.7,13.9,0.7c5.5,0,14-0.7,14-0.7c2.8-0.2,3.2,4,0.3,4.3c0,0-2.9,0.3-6,0.5l18.9,56.1l5.2-17.4C95.4,68.6,96.7,63.2,96.7,58.6z M62.9,65.8l-15.7,45.6c4.7,1.4,9.6,2.1,14.8,2.1c6.1,0,12-1.1,17.5-3c-0.1-0.2-0.3-0.5-0.4-0.7L62.9,65.8z M107.4,36.3c0.2,1.7,0.3,3.4,0.3,5.4c0,5.3-1,11.2-4,18.7l-16,46.2c15.6-9.1,26.1-26,26.1-45.3C113.8,52.2,111.5,43.6,107.4,36.3z M61.3,0C27.5,0,0,27.5,0,61.3s27.5,61.3,61.3,61.3s61.3-27.5,61.3-61.3S95,0,61.3,0z M61.3,119.7c-32.2,0-58.4-26.2-58.4-58.4s26.2-58.4,58.4-58.4s58.4,26.2,58.4,58.4S93.5,119.7,61.3,119.7z"/></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Powered by WordPress</span></a></h1>
+<form name="loginform" id="loginform" action="wp-login.php" method="post">
+<p><label for="user_login">Username or Email Address</label>
+<input type="text" name="log" id="user_login" class="input" value="" autocomplete="username"></p>
+<p><label for="user_pass">Password</label>
+<input type="password" name="pwd" id="user_pass" class="input" value="" autocomplete="current-password"></p>
+<p class="forgetmenot"><label for="rememberme"><input name="rememberme" type="checkbox" id="rememberme" value="forever"> Remember Me</label></p>
+<p class="submit"><input type="submit" name="wp-submit" id="wp-submit" class="button button-primary" value="Log In"></p>
+</form>
+<p id="nav"><a href="wp-login.php?action=lostpassword">Lost your password?</a></p>
+<p id="backtoblog"><a href="/">&larr; Go to Blog</a></p>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+HTML;
+    }
+
+    private function fakePhpMyAdmin(): string
+    {
+        return <<<'HTML'
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+<title>phpMyAdmin</title>
+<style>
+html,body{background:#f4f4f4;margin:0}
+body{color:#464646;font-family:"Segoe UI",Tahoma,Verdana,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px}
+#page{width:400px;margin:44px auto 0}
+.logo{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:10px;margin-bottom:6px}
+.logo svg{width:46px;height:46px}
+.logo span{font-size:24px;color:#235a81;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:-.5px}
+.logo span b{color:#e8862a;font-weight:bold}
+h1{font-size:18px;font-weight:normal;color:#235a81;text-align:center;margin:0 0 20px}
+form.login fieldset{background:#fff;border:1px solid #a0a0a0;border-radius:5px;padding:6px 0 16px;margin:0}
+form.login legend{background:#e5e5e5;border:1px solid #a0a0a0;border-radius:4px;padding:4px 12px;color:#235a81;font-weight:bold;margin-left:14px}
+.item{padding:7px 18px;overflow:hidden}
+.item label{display:inline-block;width:104px;color:#333;vertical-align:middle}
+.textfield,#select_server{padding:6px;border:1px solid #a0a0a0;border-radius:3px;font-size:14px;width:210px;box-sizing:border-box;background:#fff}
+.textfield:focus,#select_server:focus{border-color:#235a81;outline:2px solid #cfe0ef}
+.button{margin:8px 0 0 122px;background:#235a81;color:#fff;border:1px solid #1c4a6b;border-radius:4px;padding:8px 26px;font-size:14px;cursor:pointer}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div id="page">
+<div class="logo"><svg viewBox="0 0 64 64" role="img" aria-label="database"><ellipse cx="32" cy="14" rx="22" ry="9" fill="#235a81"/><path d="M10 14v18c0 5 10 9 22 9s22-4 22-9V14c0 5-10 9-22 9s-22-4-22-9z" fill="#2f6d99"/><path d="M10 32v18c0 5 10 9 22 9s22-4 22-9V32c0 5-10 9-22 9s-22-4-22-9z" fill="#235a81"/></svg><span>php<b>My</b>Admin</span></div>
+<h1>Welcome to phpMyAdmin</h1>
+<form method="post" action="phpmyadmin" name="login_form" class="login">
+<fieldset>
+<legend>Log in</legend>
+<div class="item"><label for="input_username">Username:</label><input type="text" name="pma_username" id="input_username" value="" class="textfield" autocomplete="username"></div>
+<div class="item"><label for="input_password">Password:</label><input type="password" name="pma_password" id="input_password" value="" class="textfield" autocomplete="current-password"></div>
+<div class="item"><label for="select_server">Server Choice:</label><select name="server" id="select_server"><option value="1">localhost:3306</option></select></div>
+<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Go" class="button">
+</fieldset>
+</form>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+HTML;
+    }
+
+    private function fakeGenericLogin(): string
+    {
+        return <<<'HTML'
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+<title>Sign in</title>
+<style>
+*{box-sizing:border-box}
+html,body{height:100%}
+body{margin:0;background:#eef1f5;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,sans-serif;color:#1a2332;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:100vh}
+main{background:#fff;width:340px;padding:36px 32px 32px;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 6px 28px rgba(20,30,55,.10)}
+.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:9px;margin:0 0 8px}
+.brand svg{width:30px;height:30px}
+.brand span{font-size:16px;font-weight:600;color:#334155}
+h1{font-size:19px;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 22px;text-align:center}
+label{display:block;font-size:13px;color:#5b6472;margin:0 0 6px}
+input{width:100%;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid #d5dbe3;border-radius:7px;font-size:14px;margin:0 0 16px;background:#fff}
+input:focus{border-color:#2563eb;outline:2px solid #bfdbfe}
+button{width:100%;padding:11px;background:#2563eb;color:#fff;border:0;border-radius:7px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;margin-top:4px}
+button:hover{background:#1d4ed8}
+.foot{text-align:center;margin:16px 0 0;font-size:12px;color:#94a3b8}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<main>
+<div class="brand"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="#2563eb" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" role="img" aria-label="lock"><rect x="3" y="11" width="18" height="11" rx="2"/><path d="M7 11V7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v4"/></svg><span>Admin Console</span></div>
+<h1>Sign in to continue</h1>
+<form method="post" action="administrator">
+<label for="username">Username</label>
+<input type="text" name="username" id="username" autocomplete="username">
+<label for="password">Password</label>
+<input type="password" name="password" id="password" autocomplete="current-password">
+<button type="submit">Sign in</button>
+</form>
+<p class="foot">Authorized personnel only</p>
+</main>
+</body>
+</html>
+HTML;
+    }
+}

app/Http/Middleware/BlockBannedIp.php

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Middleware;
+
+use App\Services\BruteforceGuard;
+use Closure;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+
+/**
+ * Hard-blocks GUEST requests from a banned IP (403). Authenticated requests pass, so an
+ * operator already logged in is never cut off mid-session and can unban their own IP from
+ * the Anmeldeschutz tab. Appended to the web group so Auth::guest() resolves (the session
+ * middleware has run). request()->ip() is correct via the global trustProxies (prod).
+ */
+class BlockBannedIp
+{
+    public function __construct(private BruteforceGuard $guard) {}
+
+    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
+    {
+        if ($this->guard->enabled() && Auth::guest() && $this->guard->isBanned((string) $request->ip())) {
+            return response()->view('errors.blocked', [], 403);
+        }
+
+        return $next($request);
+    }
+}

app/Http/Middleware/DetectHoneytoken.php

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Middleware;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Services\BruteforceGuard;
+use Closure;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+
+/**
+ * Honeytoken tripwire. The honeypot's fake .env seeds per-install canary secret VALUES that no real
+ * system secret ever equals (config('clusev.honeypot.canaries')). If an UNAUTHENTICATED attacker who
+ * scraped the decoy .env replays one of those values — as a request-BODY credential field, a bearer
+ * token, or an Authorization header — it is undeniable proof they took the bait, so we instant-ban + 403.
+ *
+ * Deliberately CHEAP and FALSE-POSITIVE-FREE: it only trips for anonymous requests (a logged-in user
+ * is never a honeytoken replayer, and this stops a reflected decoy link banning a real victim), it
+ * scans only a fixed handful of well-known credential inputs from the request BODY (never the query
+ * string, never `password`) plus the bearer token / Authorization header — never a recursive walk.
+ * A normal request not carrying a canary is a near-free no-op. Appended to the web group AFTER
+ * AuthenticateSession so the session/IP are resolved.
+ */
+class DetectHoneytoken
+{
+    /** Request BODY keys that plausibly carry a leaked secret. Kept tiny on purpose; NO `password`. */
+    private const CANDIDATE_KEYS = ['api_key', 'apikey', 'token', 'secret', 'key', 'access_key'];
+
+    /** Per-IP cap on honeytoken audit rows per rolling hour (bounds an exempt/rotating source). */
+    private const AUDIT_CAP_PER_HOUR = 60;
+
+    public function __construct(private BruteforceGuard $guard) {}
+
+    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
+    {
+        if (! config('clusev.honeypot.enabled')) {
+            return $next($request);
+        }
+
+        // Only trap UNAUTHENTICATED attackers. A logged-in user is never a honeytoken replayer, and
+        // this stops a reflected decoy link from banning an authenticated victim.
+        if (auth()->check()) {
+            return $next($request);
+        }
+
+        $canaries = config('clusev.honeypot.canaries', []);
+        if ($canaries === []) {
+            return $next($request);
+        }
+
+        // A small, bounded set of candidate values — request BODY only (form-encoded via post() AND a
+        // JSON body via json()), never the query string (which a reflected link could carry to ban a
+        // victim), no recursion into nested arrays.
+        $candidates = [];
+        foreach (self::CANDIDATE_KEYS as $key) {
+            foreach ([$request->post($key), $request->json($key)] as $value) {
+                if (is_string($value) && $value !== '') {
+                    $candidates[] = $value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (($bearer = $request->bearerToken()) !== null && $bearer !== '') {
+            $candidates[] = $bearer;
+        }
+        if (($auth = $request->header('Authorization')) !== null && $auth !== '') {
+            $candidates[] = $auth;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($canaries as $name => $canaryValue) {
+            if (! is_string($canaryValue) || $canaryValue === '') {
+                continue;
+            }
+            foreach ($candidates as $candidate) {
+                if (hash_equals($canaryValue, $candidate)) {
+                    return $this->trip($request, (string) $name);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $next($request);
+    }
+
+    private function trip(Request $request, string $canaryName): Response
+    {
+        $ip = (string) $request->ip();
+
+        // Ban first, then audit — each guarded independently (mirrors HoneypotController::trap). A write
+        // failure (DB hiccup, un-run migration) must never turn a honeytoken trip into a 500 that leaks
+        // this is a real app, nor let a failing audit skip the ban. No per-IP audit cap is needed here:
+        // BlockBannedIp runs BEFORE this middleware, so a banned IP is 403'd upstream and never reaches
+        // trip() again — the honeytoken audit cannot be looped.
+        try {
+            $this->guard->banNow($ip, 'honeytoken');
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            report($e);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // Bound audit growth per source IP WITHOUT a race (add seeds a 1h TTL once, atomic increment
+            // counts + returns the new total). An EXEMPT IP is never banned (banNow no-ops), so
+            // BlockBannedIp cannot throttle its repeat trips; and a briefly-stale ban-check cache can let
+            // a few through before the ban takes hold. Past the cap we drop the row — the ban + 403 still
+            // happen. Mirrors HoneypotController::auditProbe.
+            $capKey = 'honeytoken:audit:'.md5($ip);
+            Cache::add($capKey, 0, now()->addHour());
+            if (Cache::increment($capKey) <= self::AUDIT_CAP_PER_HOUR) {
+                AuditEvent::create([
+                    'user_id' => null,
+                    'actor' => 'system',
+                    'action' => 'security.honeytoken_used',
+                    'target' => $canaryName,
+                    'ip' => $ip,
+                    // path() is derived from the (attacker-controlled) URL — scrub to valid UTF-8 so a
+                    // percent-decoded invalid byte can't make the array-cast meta column's json_encode throw.
+                    'meta' => ['path' => Str::limit(mb_scrub($request->path()), 190)],
+                ]);
+            }
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            report($e);
+        }
+
+        return response()->view('errors.blocked', [], 403);
+    }
+}

app/Http/Middleware/EnsureSecurityOnboarded.php

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
 
 /**
- * After login, force the security onboarding before the panel is reachable:
- * 1) rotate the seeded password, then 2) enrol 2FA.
+ * After login, NUDGE the operator to rotate the seeded password — but do not force it. The prompt
+ * shows once per session and can be skipped (PasswordChange::skip sets `onboarding.password_skipped`);
+ * a persistent banner keeps warning while the initial password is still in use. 2FA is optional too,
+ * so it is never forced here.
  */
 class EnsureSecurityOnboarded
 {
@@ -16,16 +18,10 @@ class EnsureSecurityOnboarded
     {
         $user = $request->user();
 
-        if ($user) {
-            $allowed = $request->routeIs('password.change', 'two-factor.setup', 'logout');
-
-            if ($user->must_change_password && ! $request->routeIs('password.change', 'logout')) {
-                return redirect()->route('password.change');
-            }
-
-            if (! $user->must_change_password && ! $user->hasTwoFactorEnabled() && ! $allowed) {
-                return redirect()->route('two-factor.setup');
-            }
+        if ($user && $user->must_change_password
+            && ! $request->session()->get('onboarding.password_skipped')
+            && ! $request->routeIs('password.change', 'logout')) {
+            return redirect()->route('password.change');
         }
 
         return $next($request);

app/Http/Middleware/PanelScheme.php

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Middleware;
+
+use App\Services\DeploymentService;
+use Closure;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\URL;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+
+/**
+ * Ties cookie security, HTTPS enforcement and host enforcement to the ACTUAL request so
+ * a panel-domain change can never lock the operator out nor expose the panel on the wrong
+ * host. Runs behind TrustProxies (prod), so isSecure()/getHost() reflect Caddy's
+ * X-Forwarded-* headers.
+ *
+ * - The session cookie's `Secure` flag follows the real request scheme, so the bare-IP /
+ *   plain-HTTP recovery path always receives its cookie and can log in.
+ * - When a domain is active, ONLY that domain (over HTTPS) and the literal server IP
+ *   (over HTTP, the recovery path) may serve the panel. Any other hostname — a stale/old
+ *   domain whose certificate Caddy may still hold, or an attacker's domain pointed at this
+ *   server — is refused, so the authenticated panel is never served in plaintext or on an
+ *   unintended host. Caddy's TLS-ask + the health check are exempt.
+ * - In bare-IP mode app.url is kept in step with the request, so generated absolute URLs
+ *   never point at a removed/old domain left in .env.
+ */
+class PanelScheme
+{
+    public function __construct(private DeploymentService $deployment) {}
+
+    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
+    {
+        // Cookie security follows the real request scheme (never a static .env flag).
+        config(['session.secure' => $request->isSecure()]);
+
+        $domain = $this->deployment->domain();
+
+        // Bare-IP mode: no TLS, no host restriction. Keep app.url on the current request
+        // so URLs don't point at a domain that was removed from service.
+        if ($domain === null) {
+            config(['app.url' => $request->getSchemeAndHttpHost()]);
+
+            return $next($request);
+        }
+
+        // Internal endpoints must answer on any host/scheme (Caddy's on-demand TLS ask is
+        // a plain-HTTP call with an internal Host; the health check + the terminal sidecar's
+        // resolve call likewise come over the private network with a service-name Host).
+        if ($request->is('_caddy/*', 'up', '_internal/*')) {
+            return $next($request);
+        }
+
+        $host = strtolower($request->getHost());
+
+        // The literal server IP is the plaintext recovery path — always served over HTTP.
+        // Pin app.url to the IP request too, so login/onboarding redirects (absolute
+        // route() URLs) stay on the reachable IP instead of bouncing to the (possibly
+        // unreachable) domain that AppServiceProvider set as app.url.
+        if (filter_var($host, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP) !== false) {
+            config(['app.url' => $request->getSchemeAndHttpHost()]);
+
+            return $next($request);
+        }
+
+        // Only the active domain may serve the panel by hostname.
+        if ($host !== $domain) {
+            abort(404);
+        }
+
+        // Force HTTPS for the active domain — on the default TLS port (443). Build the URL
+        // explicitly so a non-standard HTTP APP_PORT is never carried into the https:// URL
+        // (Caddy serves TLS only on 443; https://domain:8080 would be unreachable).
+        //
+        // In external-proxy mode the upstream terminates TLS and owns HTTP->HTTPS; this Caddy is
+        // HTTP-only, so the app must NOT bounce to https://domain:443 (unreachable). The forwarded
+        // scheme still drives cookie-Secure/HSTS above.
+        if (! $this->deployment->externalTls() && ! $request->isSecure()) {
+            return redirect()->to('https://'.$domain.$request->getRequestUri(), 301);
+        }
+
+        // Serving the active domain over HTTPS: force generated URLs (assets, routes) to
+        // https://<domain> so they MATCH the page scheme. Critical in external-proxy mode, where
+        // the upstream terminates TLS and the forwarded scheme may not be trusted here — without
+        // this asset() emits http:// URLs that the HTTPS page's CSP ('self') blocks, leaving the
+        // panel with no CSS/JS. The bare-IP recovery path returned earlier and stays on HTTP.
+        URL::forceRootUrl('https://'.$domain);
+        URL::forceScheme('https');
+
+        return $next($request);
+    }
+}

app/Http/Middleware/SetLocale.php

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Middleware;
+
+use Closure;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the active UI language for each request: the signed-in user's saved
+ * preference wins, then the session choice (so a guest on the login page can switch),
+ * then the app default. Only known locales are honoured.
+ */
+class SetLocale
+{
+    /** Languages Clusev ships. Keep in sync with the lang/<code> directories + R16. */
+    public const SUPPORTED = ['de', 'en'];
+
+    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
+    {
+        self::apply($request);
+
+        return $next($request);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolve + set the active locale: signed-in user's preference, then the session
+     * choice, then the app default. Safe to call before the session is started — e.g.
+     * from the exception handler for errors thrown before this middleware (CSRF 419,
+     * unmatched-route 404, maintenance 503) — a missing session is simply skipped, so
+     * those custom error pages still honour the user's language where it is known.
+     */
+    public static function apply(Request $request): void
+    {
+        $locale = config('app.locale');
+
+        if ($request->hasSession()) {
+            $locale = $request->user()?->locale
+                ?? $request->session()->get('locale')
+                ?? $locale;
+        }
+
+        if (in_array($locale, self::SUPPORTED, true)) {
+            app()->setLocale($locale);
+        }
+    }
+}

app/Http/Middleware/VerifyTerminalSidecarSecret.php

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Middleware;
+
+use Closure;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+
+/**
+ * Guards the internal terminal-resolve endpoint: only the terminal sidecar (which holds the shared
+ * secret, injected from the same .env) may call it. The endpoint hands out decrypted SSH credentials,
+ * so it must never be reachable without the secret — and it is only routed on the private network.
+ */
+class VerifyTerminalSidecarSecret
+{
+    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
+    {
+        $expected = (string) config('clusev.terminal_secret');
+        $given = (string) $request->header('X-Sidecar-Secret', '');
+
+        abort_if($expected === '' || ! hash_equals($expected, $given), 403);
+
+        return $next($request);
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Alerts/Index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Alerts;
+
+use App\Models\AlertIncident;
+use App\Models\AlertRule;
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Models\ServerGroup;
+use App\Models\Setting;
+use App\Services\AlertNotifier;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\MailSettings;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Crypt;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+/**
+ * Alert rules + notification channels + active incidents. Managing rules/channels =
+ * manage-panel (admin): route mw + mount() + a per-method gate() (since /livewire/update
+ * skips route mw). Viewing incidents is open (read-only). Rule deletion goes through the
+ * signed single-use ConfirmToken + the R5 confirm modal.
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Index extends Component
+{
+    // New-rule form
+    public string $name = '';
+
+    public string $metric = 'cpu';
+
+    public string $comparator = 'gt';
+
+    public float $threshold = 80; // float: `load` thresholds are fractional (e.g. 1.5)
+
+    public string $scopeType = 'all';
+
+    public ?string $scopeUuid = null; // group OR server uuid, resolved on create
+
+    // Channels
+    public string $emailTo = '';
+
+    public string $webhooks = '';
+
+    // Gotify push: base server URL (plaintext) + app token (stored encrypted, write-only in the UI).
+    public string $gotifyUrl = '';
+
+    public string $gotifyToken = '';
+
+    public bool $gotifyTokenSet = false;
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        $this->emailTo = (string) Setting::get('alert_email_to', '');
+        $this->webhooks = (string) Setting::get('alert_webhooks', '');
+        $this->gotifyUrl = (string) Setting::get('alert_gotify_url', '');
+        $this->gotifyTokenSet = ((string) Setting::get('alert_gotify_token', '')) !== '';
+    }
+
+    public function title(): string
+    {
+        return __('alerts.title');
+    }
+
+    private function gate(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+    }
+
+    private function audit(string $action, string $target): void
+    {
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => $action,
+            'target' => $target,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function createRule(): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        $data = $this->validate([
+            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:80'],
+            'metric' => ['required', Rule::in(AlertRule::METRICS)],
+            'comparator' => ['required', Rule::in(AlertRule::COMPARATORS)],
+            'threshold' => ['required', 'numeric', 'min:0', 'max:10000'], // numeric: `load` can be fractional
+            'scopeType' => ['required', Rule::in(AlertRule::SCOPES)],
+        ]);
+
+        // Resolve the scope target (a group/server uuid) to its id — never trust a client-sent id.
+        $scopeId = null;
+        if ($data['scopeType'] === 'group') {
+            $scopeId = ServerGroup::where('uuid', $this->scopeUuid)->firstOrFail()->id;
+        } elseif ($data['scopeType'] === 'server') {
+            $scopeId = Server::where('uuid', $this->scopeUuid)->firstOrFail()->id;
+        }
+
+        $rule = AlertRule::create([
+            'name' => $data['name'],
+            'metric' => $data['metric'],
+            'comparator' => $data['comparator'],
+            'threshold' => $data['metric'] === 'offline' ? 0 : $data['threshold'],
+            'scope_type' => $data['scopeType'],
+            'scope_id' => $scopeId,
+            'enabled' => true,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->audit('alert.rule_create', $rule->name);
+        $this->reset('name', 'scopeUuid');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('alerts.rule_created', ['name' => $rule->name]));
+    }
+
+    public function toggleRule(string $uuid): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $rule = AlertRule::where('uuid', $uuid)->firstOrFail();
+        $rule->update(['enabled' => ! $rule->enabled]);
+        $this->audit('alert.rule_update', $rule->name);
+    }
+
+    public function confirmDeleteRule(string $uuid): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $rule = AlertRule::where('uuid', $uuid)->firstOrFail();
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('alerts.delete_heading'),
+                'body' => __('alerts.delete_body', ['name' => $rule->name]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('common.delete'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'trash',
+                'notify' => __('alerts.rule_deleted', ['name' => $rule->name]),
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue('alertRuleDeleted', ['uuid' => $rule->uuid], 'alert.rule_delete', $rule->name, null),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('alertRuleDeleted')]
+    public function deleteRule(string $confirmToken): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'alertRuleDeleted');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // NOT audited here — the confirm modal wrote alert.rule_delete from the sealed token.
+        AlertRule::where('uuid', $payload['params']['uuid'])->first()?->delete(); // incidents cascade
+    }
+
+    public function saveChannels(): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        // SSRF guard: refuse to store a webhook whose scheme isn't http(s) or whose host resolves to
+        // an internal/loopback/private address. Checked here (immediate feedback) and again at send.
+        foreach (preg_split('/[\r\n]+/', trim($this->webhooks)) ?: [] as $line) {
+            $line = trim($line);
+            if ($line !== '' && ! AlertNotifier::isSafeWebhookUrl($line)) {
+                $this->addError('webhooks', __('alerts.webhook_invalid', ['url' => $line]));
+
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Gotify: scheme-checked (a self-hosted server on a LAN is allowed — no private-range block).
+        $gotifyUrl = trim($this->gotifyUrl);
+        if ($gotifyUrl !== '' && ! AlertNotifier::isValidGotifyUrl($gotifyUrl)) {
+            $this->addError('gotifyUrl', __('alerts.gotify_invalid'));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $newToken = trim($this->gotifyToken);
+        $urlChanged = $gotifyUrl !== (string) Setting::get('alert_gotify_url', '');
+
+        // If the URL changes, DROP the old token BEFORE the new URL is stored — so no concurrent
+        // send can ever pair the old token with the new (possibly attacker-controlled) endpoint. A
+        // fresh token (if entered) is written afterwards; otherwise re-entry is required.
+        if ($urlChanged) {
+            Setting::forget('alert_gotify_token');
+            $this->gotifyTokenSet = false;
+        }
+
+        Setting::put('alert_email_to', trim($this->emailTo));
+        Setting::put('alert_webhooks', trim($this->webhooks));
+        Setting::put('alert_gotify_url', $gotifyUrl);
+
+        // Encrypt a NEWLY entered token; an empty field on an UNCHANGED url leaves the stored one.
+        if ($newToken !== '') {
+            Setting::put('alert_gotify_token', Crypt::encryptString($newToken));
+            $this->gotifyToken = '';
+            $this->gotifyTokenSet = true;
+        }
+
+        $this->audit('alert.channels_update', __('alerts.channels'));
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('alerts.channels_saved'));
+    }
+
+    /** Remove the stored Gotify app token (write-only credential). */
+    public function clearGotifyToken(): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        Setting::forget('alert_gotify_token');
+        $this->gotifyToken = '';
+        $this->gotifyTokenSet = false;
+        $this->audit('alert.channels_update', __('alerts.channels'));
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('alerts.channels_saved'));
+    }
+
+    /** True when at least one delivery channel could actually reach someone (drives the warning).
+     *  Reads the SAVED config with the SAME validation the sender uses, so the banner never hides
+     *  for a channel that would be silently skipped at send time. */
+    private function channelsReach(): bool
+    {
+        if (MailSettings::isConfigured()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        $webhooks = array_filter(
+            array_map('trim', preg_split('/[\r\n,]+/', (string) Setting::get('alert_webhooks', '')) ?: []),
+            fn (string $u) => $u !== '' && AlertNotifier::isSafeWebhookUrl($u),
+        );
+        if ($webhooks !== []) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return AlertNotifier::gotifyTarget() !== null;
+    }
+
+    public function render(): View
+    {
+        return view('livewire.alerts.index', [
+            'channelsReach' => $this->channelsReach(),
+            'rules' => AlertRule::orderBy('name')->get(),
+            'incidents' => AlertIncident::with(['rule', 'server'])->where('state', 'firing')->latest('started_at')->limit(50)->get(),
+            'groups' => ServerGroup::orderBy('name')->get(['uuid', 'name']),
+            'servers' => Server::orderBy('name')->get(['uuid', 'name']),
+            // id → name maps so a rule's scope target renders without a per-rule query (no N+1).
+            'groupNames' => ServerGroup::pluck('name', 'id'),
+            'serverNames' => Server::pluck('name', 'id'),
+            'metrics' => AlertRule::METRICS,
+            'comparators' => AlertRule::COMPARATORS,
+            'scopes' => AlertRule::SCOPES,
+        ])->title($this->title());
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Audit/Index.php

@@ -3,50 +3,151 @@
 namespace App\Livewire\Audit;
 
 use App\Models\AuditEvent;
-use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
+use App\Models\Setting;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
 use Livewire\Component;
+use Livewire\WithPagination;
 
 #[Layout('layouts.app')]
-#[Title('Audit-Log — Clusev')]
 class Index extends Component
 {
+    use WithPagination;
+
+    /** Audit entries per page — keeps a long history navigable (page is deep-linked via ?page=). */
+    private const PER_PAGE = 25;
+
     /** Freitext-Filter über Akteur / Aktion / Ziel / Server. */
     public string $q = '';
 
     /**
-     * Letzte Audit-Ereignisse, optional gefiltert. Echte Daten aus der DB;
-     * die Filterung läuft im Speicher über die geladenen 50 Einträge.
+     * Aufbewahrungsdauer in Tagen (Formularfeld). Leer/0 = unbegrenzt; ein
+     * positiver Wert N löscht beim täglichen Prune Einträge älter als N Tage.
      */
-    protected function events(): Collection
+    public ?string $retentionDays = null;
+
+    public function mount(): void
     {
-        $events = AuditEvent::with('server')->latest()->limit(50)->get();
+        // Empty/0 means "keep forever" — surface that as a blank field, not "0".
+        $stored = (int) Setting::get('audit_retention_days', '0');
+        $this->retentionDays = $stored > 0 ? (string) $stored : null;
+    }
+
+    /** A changed search must restart at page 1 — never land on an out-of-range page. */
+    public function updatedQ(): void
+    {
+        $this->resetPage();
+    }
+
+    /** Persist the retention policy, audit the change and notify the operator. */
+    public function saveRetention(): void
+    {
+        // Panel-wide policy mutation (a short retention prunes audit history) — admin only. Viewing
+        // the audit log stays open to everyone; only changing the retention window is gated.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+
+        $validated = $this->validate([
+            'retentionDays' => ['nullable', 'integer', 'min:1', 'max:3650'],
+        ]);
+
+        $days = $validated['retentionDays'] !== null && $validated['retentionDays'] !== ''
+            ? (int) $validated['retentionDays']
+            : 0;
+
+        Setting::put('audit_retention_days', $days > 0 ? (string) $days : null);
+        $this->retentionDays = $days > 0 ? (string) $days : null;
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => 'audit.retention_set',
+            'target' => 'audit_retention_days='.$days,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('audit.retention_saved_notify'));
+    }
+
+    /** Effective retention in days (0 = unlimited) for the policy summary. */
+    protected function retentionPolicy(): int
+    {
+        return $this->retentionDays !== null && $this->retentionDays !== ''
+            ? (int) $this->retentionDays
+            : 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Audit events, newest first, optionally filtered. The filter runs in SQL (so it spans the whole
+     * history, not just one page) and matches actor / action code / target / server name — plus the
+     * READABLE action labels: a term is translated to the action codes whose localized label contains
+     * it, so searching "Endpoint geändert" still finds wg.set-endpoint entries.
+     */
+    protected function eventsQuery(): Builder
+    {
+        $query = AuditEvent::with('server')->latest();
 
         $needle = trim($this->q);
-
         if ($needle === '') {
-            return $events;
+            return $query;
         }
 
-        $needle = mb_strtolower($needle);
+        $lower = mb_strtolower($needle);
+        $like = '%'.$lower.'%';
+        $codes = array_keys(array_filter(
+            (array) trans('audit.actions'),
+            fn ($label): bool => is_string($label) && str_contains(mb_strtolower($label), $lower),
+        ));
 
-        return $events->filter(function (AuditEvent $e) use ($needle): bool {
-            $haystack = mb_strtolower(implode(' ', array_filter([
-                $e->actor,
-                $e->action,
-                $e->target,
-                $e->server?->name,
-            ])));
+        return $query->where(function (Builder $w) use ($like, $codes): void {
+            $w->whereRaw('LOWER(actor) LIKE ?', [$like])
+                ->orWhereRaw('LOWER(action) LIKE ?', [$like])
+                ->orWhereRaw('LOWER(target) LIKE ?', [$like])
+                ->orWhereHas('server', fn (Builder $s) => $s->whereRaw('LOWER(name) LIKE ?', [$like]));
+            if ($codes !== []) {
+                $w->orWhereIn('action', $codes);
+            }
+        });
+    }
 
-            return str_contains($haystack, $needle);
-        })->values();
+    /**
+     * Page numbers to render, with "…" gaps for long histories (1 … 4 5 6 … 20).
+     *
+     * @return array<int, int|string>
+     */
+    protected function pageWindow(int $current, int $total): array
+    {
+        if ($total <= 7) {
+            return range(1, max(1, $total));
+        }
+
+        $pages = [1];
+        $from = max(2, $current - 1);
+        $to = min($total - 1, $current + 1);
+        if ($from > 2) {
+            $pages[] = '…';
+        }
+        for ($i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
+            $pages[] = $i;
+        }
+        if ($to < $total - 1) {
+            $pages[] = '…';
+        }
+        $pages[] = $total;
+
+        return $pages;
     }
 
     public function render()
     {
+        /** @var LengthAwarePaginator $events */
+        $events = $this->eventsQuery()->paginate(self::PER_PAGE);
+
         return view('livewire.audit.index', [
-            'events' => $this->events(),
-        ]);
+            'events' => $events,
+            'pageWindow' => $this->pageWindow($events->currentPage(), $events->lastPage()),
+            'retentionPolicy' => $this->retentionPolicy(),
+        ])->title(__('audit.title'));
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Auth/ForgotPassword.php

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Auth;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Models\WebauthnCredential;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Password;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Component;
+use PragmaRX\Google2FAQRCode\Google2FA;
+
+#[Layout('layouts.auth')]
+class ForgotPassword extends Component
+{
+    /** Fixed throwaway base32 secret for the dummy TOTP verify on the no-user/no-2FA branch. */
+    private const DUMMY_TOTP_SECRET = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP';
+
+    public string $email = '';
+
+    public string $code = '';
+
+    public string $password = '';
+
+    public string $password_confirmation = '';
+
+    /** Reveals the secondary inline 2FA-proof form when a mailer is configured. */
+    public bool $showCodeReset = false;
+
+    /** True when a real mailer is configured (then the email-link option is offered too). */
+    public function mailEnabled(): bool
+    {
+        return ! in_array(config('mail.default'), ['log', 'array', null], true);
+    }
+
+    /** Secondary path: email a reset link (only meaningful when a real mailer is set). */
+    public function sendResetLink(): void
+    {
+        if (! $this->mailEnabled()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->validate(['email' => ['required', 'email']]);
+
+        // The notification is queued (see User::sendPasswordResetNotification), so this only ever
+        // pushes a job — no synchronous SMTP. Swallow any transport/queue error so that neither
+        // latency nor an exception can distinguish a known address from an unknown one.
+        try {
+            \Illuminate\Support\Facades\Password::sendResetLink(['email' => $this->email]);
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            // The client response stays identical regardless — but surface the failure to ops
+            // (report() → logs), otherwise a broken queue/token store silently "succeeds" for
+            // every address and a broken reset flow goes unnoticed.
+            report($e);
+        }
+
+        // Generic — never reveal whether the email exists.
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('auth.reset_link_sent'));
+    }
+
+    /** Reset the password by proving 2FA possession (TOTP or a one-time backup code). */
+    public function resetPassword()
+    {
+        $this->validate([
+            'email' => ['required', 'email'],
+            'code' => ['required', 'string'],
+            'password' => ['required', 'confirmed', Password::min(6)],
+        ]);
+
+        // Tight per-(email+IP) bucket PLUS an IP-independent per-account backstop: this reset
+        // path is a second TOTP/backup brute-force surface (email + code, no password), so a
+        // distributed (multi-IP) attempt must be capped per account the same way the challenge
+        // is. Both auto-expire — never a permanent lockout (clusev:reset-admin stays open).
+        $email = strtolower($this->email);
+        $key = 'forgot:'.md5($email.'|'.request()->ip());
+        $acctKey = 'forgot-acct:'.md5($email);
+        foreach ([[$key, 5], [$acctKey, 20]] as [$k, $max]) {
+            if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($k, $max)) {
+                throw ValidationException::withMessages([
+                    'code' => __('auth.too_many_attempts', ['seconds' => RateLimiter::availableIn($k)]),
+                ]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $user = User::where('email', $this->email)->first();
+
+        // Resolve 2FA status with a *uniform* lookup pattern: always exactly one
+        // webauthn-existence query — for a TOTP user that wouldn't otherwise need it, and for a
+        // missing account — so the presence/absence of that query can't tell accounts apart.
+        $hasWebauthn = $user
+            ? $user->hasWebauthnCredentials()
+            : WebauthnCredential::whereKey(0)->exists();
+        $hasTotp = (bool) $user?->hasTotp();
+        $has2fa = $hasTotp || $hasWebauthn;
+
+        if ($user && $has2fa) {
+            // Keep the TOTP HMAC uniform: a webauthn-only account has no TOTP secret, so
+            // verifyTotp() returns without hashing — spend an equivalent throwaway HMAC first so
+            // this branch costs the same as a TOTP account would.
+            if (! $hasTotp) {
+                $this->dummyTotpVerify();
+            }
+            $ok = $user->verifyTotp($this->code) || $user->useRecoveryCode($this->code);
+        } else {
+            // No account, or one without 2FA: run the same HMAC + locked recovery lookup a real
+            // wrong-code attempt does, so the verification path is not a timing/query oracle that
+            // distinguishes a known address.
+            $this->dummyTotpVerify();
+            $this->dummyRecoveryLookup();
+            $ok = false;
+        }
+
+        if (! $ok) {
+            RateLimiter::hit($key, 60);     // 5 / minute (email+IP)
+            RateLimiter::hit($acctKey, 900); // 20 / 15 minutes (per account, IP-independent)
+            // Generic message — never reveal whether the email exists.
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['code' => __('auth.reset_invalid')]);
+        }
+
+        RateLimiter::clear($key);
+        RateLimiter::clear($acctKey);
+        // Rotate remember_token too, so a stolen remember-me cookie can't survive the reset.
+        $user->forceFill([
+            'password' => Hash::make($this->password),
+            'must_change_password' => false,
+            'remember_token' => Str::random(60),
+        ])->save();
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => $user->id,
+            'actor' => $user->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => 'password.reset',
+            'target' => $user->email,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        session()->flash('status', __('auth.reset_done'));
+
+        return $this->redirect(route('login'), navigate: true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stand-in for User::verifyTotp() — one throwaway Google2FA HMAC against a fixed dummy secret,
+     * so a request with no (or no TOTP) account spends the same crypto as a real wrong-code
+     * attempt. It must NOT do heavier work than the real path (a cost-12 bcrypt here would make
+     * this slower, re-opening the oracle in reverse and amplifying CPU DoS). Result is discarded.
+     */
+    private function dummyTotpVerify(): void
+    {
+        try {
+            (new Google2FA)->verifyKey(self::DUMMY_TOTP_SECRET, preg_replace('/\s+/', '', $this->code) ?? '');
+        } catch (\Throwable) {
+            // ignore — verifyTotp swallows the same failure
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stand-in for User::useRecoveryCode() — a locked SELECT in a transaction + an in_array scan,
+     * matching the dominant DB cost of the recovery path without touching a real row (id 0 never
+     * exists, so nothing is locked). Exceptions are deliberately NOT caught: a DB failure must
+     * surface here exactly as it would in the real path, otherwise an outage becomes an
+     * error-response oracle (generic for an unknown address, 500 for a real account).
+     */
+    private function dummyRecoveryLookup(): void
+    {
+        DB::transaction(function (): void {
+            $row = User::whereKey(0)->lockForUpdate()->first();
+            in_array($this->code, $row?->recoveryCodes() ?? array_fill(0, 8, ''), true);
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.auth.forgot-password')->title(__('auth.title_forgot'));
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Auth/Login.php

@@ -2,20 +2,28 @@
 
 namespace App\Livewire\Auth;
 
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
 use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\BruteforceGuard;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Validate;
 use Livewire\Component;
 
 #[Layout('layouts.auth')]
-#[Title('Anmelden — Clusev')]
 class Login extends Component
 {
+    /**
+     * A fixed, valid cost-12 bcrypt hash. When the e-mail is unknown we still run one
+     * Hash::check against this so the failure branch costs the same bcrypt as a known
+     * account — closing the response-timing oracle that would otherwise reveal which
+     * addresses exist (same class as the password-reset constant-time fix).
+     */
+    private const DUMMY_HASH = '$2y$12$6gKO7fsTd5ZoshlNsI7JpeuIU60K30r3K0mdPdIryNc2IQy8XwI.u';
+
     #[Validate('required|email')]
     public string $email = '';
 
@@ -28,22 +36,51 @@ class Login extends Component
     {
         $this->validate();
 
-        $key = 'login:'.md5(strtolower($this->email).'|'.request()->ip());
+        // Three auto-expiring counters, none of which can permanently lock the control plane
+        // (all decay in minutes; the host CLI `clusev:reset-admin` is always available):
+        //  - pair  (email+IP): the tight 5/min bucket (unchanged).
+        //  - ip    : caps one source hammering many accounts AND the bcrypt CPU it burns.
+        //  - acct  : an IP-independent backstop so a DISTRIBUTED (multi-IP) brute-force of the
+        //            single admin account is still capped instead of scaling linearly with IPs.
+        $email = strtolower($this->email);
+        $pairKey = 'login:'.md5($email.'|'.request()->ip());
+        $ipKey = 'login-ip:'.md5(request()->ip());
+        $acctKey = 'login-acct:'.md5($email);
 
-        if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($key, 5)) {
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
-                'email' => 'Zu viele Versuche. Bitte in '.RateLimiter::availableIn($key).' Sekunden erneut versuchen.',
-            ]);
+        foreach ([[$pairKey, 5], [$ipKey, 20], [$acctKey, 30]] as [$k, $max]) {
+            if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($k, $max)) {
+                throw ValidationException::withMessages([
+                    'email' => __('auth.too_many_attempts', ['seconds' => RateLimiter::availableIn($k)]),
+                ]);
+            }
         }
 
         $user = User::where('email', $this->email)->first();
 
-        if (! $user || ! Hash::check($this->password, $user->password)) {
-            RateLimiter::hit($key, 60);
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['email' => 'Diese Zugangsdaten passen nicht.']);
+        // Evaluate the bcrypt FIRST (never short-circuit it): an unknown e-mail must still spend
+        // one Hash::check against DUMMY_HASH, otherwise `! $user ||` would skip the hash and the
+        // faster no-account response would re-open the enumeration timing oracle.
+        $validPassword = Hash::check($this->password, $user?->password ?? self::DUMMY_HASH);
+
+        if (! $user || ! $validPassword) {
+            RateLimiter::hit($pairKey, 60);   // 5 / minute
+            RateLimiter::hit($ipKey, 60);     // 20 / minute
+            RateLimiter::hit($acctKey, 900);  // 30 / 15 minutes
+            $ip = request()->ip();
+            app(BruteforceGuard::class)->record($ip, 'login');
+            AuditEvent::create([
+                'user_id' => null,
+                'actor' => 'system',
+                'action' => 'auth.login_failed',
+                'target' => $this->email,
+                'ip' => $ip,
+            ]);
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['email' => __('auth.invalid_credentials')]);
         }
 
-        RateLimiter::clear($key);
+        // Only the tight pair bucket is cleared on success; the broader ip/acct counters
+        // decay on their own so one valid login can't reset a flood's budget.
+        RateLimiter::clear($pairKey);
 
         // 2FA gate: hold the login until the TOTP code is verified.
         if ($user->hasTwoFactorEnabled()) {
@@ -61,6 +98,6 @@ class Login extends Component
 
     public function render()
     {
-        return view('livewire.auth.login');
+        return view('livewire.auth.login')->title(__('auth.title_login'));
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Auth/PasswordChange.php

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ namespace App\Livewire\Auth;
 
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Password;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
 use Livewire\Component;
 
 #[Layout('layouts.auth')]
-#[Title('Passwort ändern — Clusev')]
 class PasswordChange extends Component
 {
     public string $current = '';
@@ -21,25 +21,56 @@ class PasswordChange extends Component
 
     public function update()
     {
-        $this->validate([
-            'current' => ['required', 'current_password'],
-            'password' => ['required', 'confirmed', Password::min(12)->mixedCase()->numbers()],
-        ], attributes: [
-            'current' => 'aktuelles Passwort',
-            'password' => 'neues Passwort',
-        ]);
+        // Throttle the current-password re-auth so a hijacked session can't brute-force the
+        // password. Keyed on the authenticated user id (never IP) and auto-expiring, so it can
+        // only slow the user's own session briefly — never a cross-user or control-plane lockout.
+        $key = 'reauth:'.Auth::id();
+        if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($key, 5)) {
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
+                'current' => __('auth.too_many_attempts', ['seconds' => RateLimiter::availableIn($key)]),
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $this->validate([
+                'current' => ['required', 'current_password'],
+                'password' => ['required', 'confirmed', Password::min(6)],
+            ], attributes: [
+                'current' => __('auth.attr_current_password'),
+                'password' => __('auth.attr_new_password'),
+            ]);
+        } catch (ValidationException $e) {
+            if (array_key_exists('current', $e->errors())) {
+                RateLimiter::hit($key, 60);
+            }
+            throw $e;
+        }
+
+        RateLimiter::clear($key);
 
         Auth::user()->forceFill([
             'password' => Hash::make($this->password),
             'must_change_password' => false,
         ])->save();
 
-        // onboarding continues: the middleware sends an un-enrolled user to 2FA setup.
-        return $this->redirect(route('two-factor.setup'), navigate: true);
+        // 2FA is optional now — go straight to the panel; 2FA is offered in Settings.
+        return $this->redirect(route('dashboard'), navigate: true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Keep the current password for now — rotation is not forced. Remember the choice for this session
+     * so the prompt does not reappear; `must_change_password` stays true, so the persistent default-
+     * password banner keeps warning until the password is actually changed.
+     */
+    public function skip()
+    {
+        session()->put('onboarding.password_skipped', true);
+
+        return $this->redirect(route('dashboard'), navigate: true);
     }
 
     public function render()
     {
-        return view('livewire.auth.password-change');
+        return view('livewire.auth.password-change')->title(__('auth.title_password_change'));
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Auth/ResetPassword.php

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Auth;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use Illuminate\Auth\Events\PasswordReset;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Password;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Password as PasswordRule;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+#[Layout('layouts.auth')]
+class ResetPassword extends Component
+{
+    public string $token = '';
+
+    public string $email = '';
+
+    public string $password = '';
+
+    public string $password_confirmation = '';
+
+    public function mount(string $token): void
+    {
+        $this->token = $token;
+        $this->email = (string) request()->query('email', '');
+    }
+
+    /** Consume the emailed reset token and set a new password. */
+    public function resetPassword()
+    {
+        $this->validate([
+            'email' => ['required', 'email'],
+            'password' => ['required', 'confirmed', PasswordRule::min(6)],
+        ]);
+
+        $status = Password::reset(
+            [
+                'email' => $this->email,
+                'password' => $this->password,
+                'password_confirmation' => $this->password_confirmation,
+                'token' => $this->token,
+            ],
+            function ($user) {
+                $user->forceFill([
+                    'password' => Hash::make($this->password),
+                    'must_change_password' => false,
+                    'remember_token' => Str::random(60),
+                ])->save();
+
+                AuditEvent::create([
+                    'user_id' => $user->id,
+                    'actor' => $user->name ?? 'system',
+                    'action' => 'password.reset',
+                    'target' => $user->email,
+                    'ip' => request()->ip(),
+                ]);
+
+                event(new PasswordReset($user));
+            },
+        );
+
+        if ($status !== Password::PasswordReset) {
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['email' => __('auth.reset_token_invalid')]);
+        }
+
+        session()->flash('status', __('auth.reset_done'));
+
+        return $this->redirect(route('login'), navigate: true);
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.auth.reset-password')->title(__('auth.title_forgot'));
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Auth/TwoFactorBackup.php

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Auth;
+
+use App\Livewire\Concerns\CompletesTwoFactorChallenge;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Validate;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+#[Layout('layouts.auth')]
+class TwoFactorBackup extends Component
+{
+    use CompletesTwoFactorChallenge;
+
+    #[Validate('required|string')]
+    public string $code = '';
+
+    public function mount()
+    {
+        if (! session()->has('2fa.user')) {
+            return $this->redirect(route('login'), navigate: true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function verify()
+    {
+        $this->validate();
+
+        $this->assertNotRateLimited();
+
+        $user = $this->pendingUser();
+
+        if (! $user || ! $user->hasTwoFactorEnabled()) {
+            session()->forget(['2fa.user', '2fa.remember']);
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['code' => __('auth.session_expired')]);
+        }
+
+        // Backup-only view: a one-time recovery code is the sole accepted credential (no TOTP).
+        if (! $user->useRecoveryCode($this->code)) {
+            $this->recordFailedAttempt('2fa');
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['code' => __('auth.invalid_code')]);
+        }
+
+        $this->clearRateLimit();
+
+        return $this->completeLogin($user);
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.auth.two-factor-backup')->title(__('auth.title_backup'));
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Auth/TwoFactorChallenge.php

@@ -2,20 +2,19 @@
 
 namespace App\Livewire\Auth;
 
+use App\Livewire\Concerns\CompletesTwoFactorChallenge;
 use App\Models\User;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
+use App\Services\WebauthnService;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Validate;
 use Livewire\Component;
-use PragmaRX\Google2FAQRCode\Google2FA;
 
 #[Layout('layouts.auth')]
-#[Title('Bestätigung — Clusev')]
 class TwoFactorChallenge extends Component
 {
+    use CompletesTwoFactorChallenge;
+
     #[Validate('required|string')]
     public string $code = '';
 
@@ -24,47 +23,69 @@ class TwoFactorChallenge extends Component
         if (! session()->has('2fa.user')) {
             return $this->redirect(route('login'), navigate: true);
         }
+
+        // No TOTP and webauthnAvailable() is false (no registered key, or — for a key-only user —
+        // no secure context on http + bare IP) → the backup code is the only path: go to its view.
+        if (! $this->pendingHasTotp && ! $this->webauthnAvailable()) {
+            return $this->redirect(route('two-factor.challenge.backup'), navigate: true);
+        }
     }
 
     public function verify()
     {
         $this->validate();
 
-        $key = 'two-factor:'.md5(session('2fa.user').'|'.request()->ip());
+        $this->assertNotRateLimited();
 
-        if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($key, 5)) {
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
-                'code' => 'Zu viele Versuche. Bitte in '.RateLimiter::availableIn($key).' Sekunden erneut versuchen.',
-            ]);
-        }
-
-        $user = User::find(session('2fa.user'));
+        $user = $this->pendingUser();
 
         if (! $user || ! $user->hasTwoFactorEnabled()) {
             session()->forget(['2fa.user', '2fa.remember']);
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['code' => 'Sitzung abgelaufen. Bitte erneut anmelden.']);
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['code' => __('auth.session_expired')]);
         }
 
-        $valid = (new Google2FA)->verifyKey($user->two_factor_secret, preg_replace('/\s+/', '', $this->code));
+        // Accept the TOTP code only when the pending user actually has TOTP (otherwise a null
+        // secret would break verifyKey); always allow a one-time backup (recovery) code.
+        $valid = $user->verifyTotp($this->code) || $user->useRecoveryCode($this->code);
 
         if (! $valid) {
-            RateLimiter::hit($key, 60);
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['code' => 'Ungültiger Code.']);
+            $this->recordFailedAttempt('2fa');
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['code' => __('auth.invalid_code')]);
         }
 
-        RateLimiter::clear($key);
+        $this->clearRateLimit();
 
-        $remember = (bool) session('2fa.remember');
-        session()->forget(['2fa.user', '2fa.remember']);
+        return $this->completeLogin($user);
+    }
 
-        Auth::login($user, $remember);
-        session()->regenerate();
+    /** JSON request options for navigator.credentials.get — the JS posts the result to verifyWebauthn. */
+    public function assertionOptions(WebauthnService $webauthn): array
+    {
+        $user = User::find(session('2fa.user'));
+        abort_unless($user && $webauthn->available() && $user->hasWebauthnCredentials(), 404);
 
-        return $this->redirectIntended(route('dashboard'), navigate: true);
+        return $webauthn->assertionOptions($user);
+    }
+
+    /** Complete the login with a verified security-key assertion (alternative to the TOTP/backup code). */
+    public function verifyWebauthn(array $assertion, WebauthnService $webauthn)
+    {
+        $this->assertNotRateLimited();
+
+        $user = User::find(session('2fa.user'));
+
+        if (! $user || ! $user->hasTwoFactorEnabled() || ! $webauthn->available() || ! $webauthn->verifyAssertion($user, $assertion)) {
+            $this->recordFailedAttempt('2fa');
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['code' => __('auth.webauthn_failed')]);
+        }
+
+        $this->clearRateLimit();
+
+        return $this->completeLogin($user);
     }
 
     public function render()
     {
-        return view('livewire.auth.two-factor-challenge');
+        return view('livewire.auth.two-factor-challenge')->title(__('auth.title_challenge'));
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Auth/TwoFactorSetup.php

@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@ namespace App\Livewire\Auth;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
 use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Validate;
 use Livewire\Component;
+use PragmaRX\Google2FA\Exceptions\Google2FAException;
 use PragmaRX\Google2FAQRCode\Google2FA;
 
 #[Layout('layouts.auth')]
-#[Title('2FA einrichten — Clusev')]
 class TwoFactorSetup extends Component
 {
     public string $secret = '';
@@ -21,8 +20,8 @@ class TwoFactorSetup extends Component
 
     public function mount()
     {
-        if (Auth::user()->hasTwoFactorEnabled()) {
-            return $this->redirect(route('dashboard'), navigate: true);
+        if (Auth::user()->hasTotp()) {
+            return $this->redirect(route('settings'), navigate: true);
         }
 
         $this->secret = (new Google2FA)->generateSecretKey();
@@ -32,8 +31,14 @@ class TwoFactorSetup extends Component
     {
         $this->validate();
 
-        if (! (new Google2FA)->verifyKey($this->secret, preg_replace('/\s+/', '', $this->code))) {
-            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['code' => 'Code stimmt nicht — prüfe die Uhrzeit der Authenticator-App.']);
+        try {
+            $matches = (new Google2FA)->verifyKey($this->secret, preg_replace('/\s+/', '', $this->code) ?? '');
+        } catch (Google2FAException $e) {
+            $matches = false;
+        }
+
+        if (! $matches) {
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['code' => __('auth.code_mismatch')]);
         }
 
         Auth::user()->forceFill([
@@ -41,7 +46,21 @@ class TwoFactorSetup extends Component
             'two_factor_confirmed_at' => now(),
         ])->save();
 
-        return $this->redirect(route('dashboard'), navigate: true);
+        // First factor enrolled and no codes yet → generate the single recovery set and
+        // ask Settings to pop the modal (the app layout hosts wire-elements/modal).
+        if (! Auth::user()->hasRecoveryCodes()) {
+            Auth::user()->replaceRecoveryCodes();
+            session()->flash('open_recovery_modal', true);
+            // put (not flash): must survive the redirect AND the later openModal Livewire
+            // request; the modal pulls it on mount to reveal the freshly generated codes once.
+            session()->put('2fa.codes_fresh', now()->timestamp);
+            // One-time download grant (a timestamp) — the download route requires + consumes
+            // it within a short window, so the fresh set can be downloaded once and a later
+            // direct hit 403s.
+            session()->put('2fa.download_grant', now()->timestamp);
+        }
+
+        return $this->redirect(route('settings'), navigate: true);
     }
 
     public function qrCode(): string
@@ -51,6 +70,6 @@ class TwoFactorSetup extends Component
 
     public function render()
     {
-        return view('livewire.auth.two-factor-setup');
+        return view('livewire.auth.two-factor-setup')->title(__('auth.title_setup'));
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Certs/Index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Certs;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\CertEndpoint;
+use App\Services\CertService;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Component;
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * TLS certificate-expiry monitoring for configured endpoints. `operate`-gated (route + mount +
+ * per-method). The expiry check is native (a PHP SSL stream in CertService — no SSH/shell, so the
+ * host is never interpolated into a command); the lazy scan is per-endpoint guarded. Deleting an
+ * endpoint goes through a signed ConfirmToken + R5 modal.
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Index extends Component
+{
+    // Add-endpoint form
+    public string $label = '';
+
+    public string $host = '';
+
+    public int $port = 443;
+
+    /** @var array<string, array<string, mixed>> endpoint uuid → check result (+ 'status') */
+    public array $checks = [];
+
+    public bool $ready = false;
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+    }
+
+    public function title(): string
+    {
+        return __('certs.title');
+    }
+
+    private function gate(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+    }
+
+    private function audit(string $action, string $target): void
+    {
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => $action,
+            'target' => $target,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function scan(CertService $certs): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $this->checks = [];
+
+        foreach (CertEndpoint::orderBy('host')->get() as $ep) {
+            try {
+                $res = $certs->check($ep->host, $ep->port);
+                $res['status'] = $res['ok'] ? $certs->status($res['daysLeft'] ?? null) : 'error';
+                $this->checks[$ep->uuid] = $res;
+            } catch (Throwable $e) {
+                $this->checks[$ep->uuid] = ['ok' => false, 'status' => 'error', 'error' => $e->getMessage()];
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->ready = true;
+    }
+
+    public function addEndpoint(CertService $certs): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        $data = $this->validate([
+            'label' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:60'],
+            // A hostname or an IP — never a scheme/path/shell char (it's used in ssl://host:port).
+            'host' => ['required', 'string', 'max:253', 'regex:/^[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9.\-]*[A-Za-z0-9])?$/'],
+            'port' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:1', 'max:65535'],
+        ]);
+
+        $ep = CertEndpoint::create($data);
+        $this->audit('cert.endpoint_add', $data['host'].':'.$data['port']);
+
+        // Probe the new endpoint right away so its validity shows immediately (not only after a
+        // manual refresh / the next scheduled scan).
+        try {
+            $res = $certs->check($ep->host, $ep->port);
+            $res['status'] = $res['ok'] ? $certs->status($res['daysLeft'] ?? null) : 'error';
+            $this->checks[$ep->uuid] = $res;
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->checks[$ep->uuid] = ['ok' => false, 'status' => 'error', 'error' => $e->getMessage()];
+        }
+
+        $this->reset('label', 'host');
+        $this->port = 443;
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('certs.added', ['host' => $data['host']]));
+    }
+
+    public function confirmDeleteEndpoint(string $uuid): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $ep = CertEndpoint::where('uuid', $uuid)->firstOrFail();
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('certs.delete_heading'),
+                'body' => __('certs.delete_body', ['host' => $ep->host]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('common.delete'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'trash',
+                'notify' => __('certs.deleted', ['host' => $ep->host]),
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue('certEndpointDeleted', ['uuid' => $ep->uuid], 'cert.endpoint_delete', $ep->host.':'.$ep->port, null),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('certEndpointDeleted')]
+    public function deleteEndpoint(string $confirmToken): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'certEndpointDeleted');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        CertEndpoint::where('uuid', $payload['params']['uuid'])->first()?->delete();
+    }
+
+    public function render(): View
+    {
+        return view('livewire.certs.index', [
+            'endpoints' => CertEndpoint::orderBy('host')->get(),
+        ])->title($this->title());
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Commands/Index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Commands;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\Runbook;
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Models\ServerGroup;
+use App\Services\CommandRunner;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+/**
+ * Ad-hoc fleet command / runbook runner. SECURITY-CRITICAL: arbitrary remote execution, so the whole
+ * page is `operate`-gated (route + mount + per-method), every run goes through a signed ConfirmToken +
+ * R5 confirm modal, and EVERY run is audited (command + target count). Targets resolve client UUIDs →
+ * ids server-side; only active-credential servers are run. Output is byte-capped + scrubbed by
+ * CommandRunner. The command runs as the credential login user (runPlain) — no extra sudo escalation.
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Index extends Component
+{
+    public string $command = '';
+
+    public string $scopeType = 'all'; // all | group | servers
+
+    public ?string $scopeGroupUuid = null;
+
+    /** @var array<int, string> selected server uuids (scopeType=servers) */
+    public array $selectedServers = [];
+
+    // New-runbook form
+    public string $runbookName = '';
+
+    public string $runbookCommand = '';
+
+    /** @var array<int, array{server:string, ok:bool, output:string}> last run's results */
+    public array $results = [];
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+    }
+
+    public function title(): string
+    {
+        return __('commands.title');
+    }
+
+    private function gate(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+    }
+
+    /** Resolve the current target selection to active-credential servers (uuids → models). */
+    private function targetServers(): Collection
+    {
+        $q = Server::withActiveCredential();
+
+        if ($this->scopeType === 'group' && $this->scopeGroupUuid) {
+            $group = ServerGroup::where('uuid', $this->scopeGroupUuid)->first();
+
+            return $group ? $q->inGroup($group->id)->get() : new Collection;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->scopeType === 'servers') {
+            return $q->whereIn('uuid', $this->selectedServers)->get();
+        }
+
+        return $q->get(); // 'all'
+    }
+
+    private function issueRun(string $command): void
+    {
+        $command = trim($command);
+        if ($command === '') {
+            $this->addError('command', __('commands.command_required'));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $servers = $this->targetServers();
+        if ($servers->isEmpty()) {
+            $this->addError('command', __('commands.no_targets'));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $ids = $servers->pluck('id')->all();
+        $target = Str::limit($command, 60).' · '.__('commands.n_servers', ['count' => count($ids)]);
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('commands.confirm_heading'),
+                'body' => __('commands.confirm_body', ['count' => count($ids), 'command' => Str::limit($command, 120)]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('commands.run'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'command',
+                'notify' => '', // the handler reports the real outcome
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue('commandRun', ['command' => $command, 'serverIds' => $ids], 'command.run', $target, null),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    /** Ad-hoc run from the textarea. */
+    public function run(): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $this->issueRun($this->command);
+    }
+
+    /** Run a saved runbook (its command + the current target selection). */
+    public function runRunbook(string $uuid): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $runbook = Runbook::where('uuid', $uuid)->firstOrFail();
+        $this->issueRun($runbook->command);
+    }
+
+    #[On('commandRun')]
+    public function execute(string $confirmToken, CommandRunner $runner): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'commandRun');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass — no-op (the modal already audited command.run)
+        }
+
+        $servers = Server::whereIn('id', $payload['params']['serverIds'])->get();
+        $this->results = $runner->run($payload['params']['command'], $servers);
+
+        $ok = count(array_filter($this->results, fn ($r) => $r['ok']));
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('commands.ran', ['ok' => $ok, 'total' => count($this->results)]));
+    }
+
+    public function createRunbook(): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        $data = $this->validate([
+            'runbookName' => ['required', 'string', 'max:80', Rule::unique('runbooks', 'name')],
+            'runbookCommand' => ['required', 'string', 'max:4000'],
+        ]);
+
+        $runbook = Runbook::create(['name' => $data['runbookName'], 'command' => $data['runbookCommand']]);
+        $this->audit('runbook.create', $runbook->name);
+        $this->reset('runbookName', 'runbookCommand');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('commands.runbook_created', ['name' => $runbook->name]));
+    }
+
+    public function confirmDeleteRunbook(string $uuid): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $runbook = Runbook::where('uuid', $uuid)->firstOrFail();
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('commands.delete_heading'),
+                'body' => __('commands.delete_body', ['name' => $runbook->name]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('common.delete'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'trash',
+                'notify' => __('commands.runbook_deleted', ['name' => $runbook->name]),
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue('runbookDeleted', ['uuid' => $runbook->uuid], 'runbook.delete', $runbook->name, null),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('runbookDeleted')]
+    public function deleteRunbook(string $confirmToken): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'runbookDeleted');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Runbook::where('uuid', $payload['params']['uuid'])->first()?->delete();
+    }
+
+    private function audit(string $action, string $target): void
+    {
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => $action,
+            'target' => $target,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function render(): View
+    {
+        return view('livewire.commands.index', [
+            'runbooks' => Runbook::orderBy('name')->get(),
+            'groups' => ServerGroup::orderBy('name')->get(['uuid', 'name']),
+            'servers' => Server::orderBy('name')->get(['uuid', 'name']),
+        ])->title($this->title());
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Concerns/CompletesTwoFactorChallenge.php

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Concerns;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\BruteforceGuard;
+use App\Services\WebauthnService;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+/**
+ * Shared 2FA-challenge plumbing for the TOTP/key view and the backup-only view: the
+ * pending-user resolver, the brute-force buckets (ONE shared counter set across both
+ * views), and the login success tail. Centralising it guarantees both views hit the
+ * same rate limit and complete login identically.
+ *
+ * @mixin Component
+ */
+trait CompletesTwoFactorChallenge
+{
+    private ?User $pendingUser = null;
+
+    private bool $pendingResolved = false;
+
+    /** The pending 2FA user, resolved once per request from the session. */
+    protected function pendingUser(): ?User
+    {
+        if (! $this->pendingResolved) {
+            $this->pendingUser = User::find(session('2fa.user'));
+            $this->pendingResolved = true;
+        }
+
+        return $this->pendingUser;
+    }
+
+    /** Whether the PENDING user has TOTP — the authenticator code field renders only then. */
+    public function getPendingHasTotpProperty(): bool
+    {
+        return (bool) $this->pendingUser()?->hasTotp();
+    }
+
+    /** Whether to offer the security-key option for the pending user (domain+HTTPS + has a key). */
+    public function webauthnAvailable(): bool
+    {
+        $user = $this->pendingUser();
+
+        return $user !== null
+            && app(WebauthnService::class)->available()
+            && $user->hasWebauthnCredentials();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Two auto-expiring 2FA brute-force buckets, keyed on the SERVER-side pending user id
+     * (not client-controlled) — a tight per-(user+IP) one plus an IP-independent per-user
+     * backstop, so a distributed (multi-IP) brute-force of the code is still capped. Both
+     * decay in minutes (never a permanent lockout; clusev:reset-admin stays open).
+     *
+     * @return array<string, array{0:int,1:int}> key => [maxAttempts, decaySeconds]
+     */
+    protected function rateLimitBuckets(): array
+    {
+        $uid = (string) session('2fa.user');
+
+        return [
+            'two-factor:'.md5($uid.'|'.request()->ip()) => [5, 60],
+            'two-factor-acct:'.md5($uid) => [20, 900],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    protected function assertNotRateLimited(): void
+    {
+        foreach ($this->rateLimitBuckets() as $key => [$max]) {
+            if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($key, $max)) {
+                throw ValidationException::withMessages([
+                    'code' => __('auth.too_many_attempts', ['seconds' => RateLimiter::availableIn($key)]),
+                ]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function hitRateLimit(): void
+    {
+        foreach ($this->rateLimitBuckets() as $key => [, $decay]) {
+            RateLimiter::hit($key, $decay);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function clearRateLimit(): void
+    {
+        foreach (array_keys($this->rateLimitBuckets()) as $key) {
+            RateLimiter::clear($key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** A failed 2FA attempt: throttle (Layer 1) + feed the persistent ban (Layer 2) + audit. */
+    protected function recordFailedAttempt(string $reason): void
+    {
+        $this->hitRateLimit();
+        $ip = request()->ip();
+        app(BruteforceGuard::class)->record($ip, $reason);
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => null,
+            'actor' => 'system',
+            'action' => 'auth.2fa_failed',
+            'target' => (string) session('2fa.user'),
+            'ip' => $ip,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /** Log the verified pending user in and finish the challenge (shared success tail). */
+    protected function completeLogin(User $user): mixed
+    {
+        $remember = (bool) session('2fa.remember');
+        session()->forget(['2fa.user', '2fa.remember']);
+
+        Auth::login($user, $remember);
+        session()->regenerate();
+
+        return $this->redirectIntended(route('dashboard'), navigate: true);
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Concerns/WithFleetContext.php

@@ -12,9 +12,17 @@ use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
  */
 trait WithFleetContext
 {
+    /**
+     * Per-request memo. activeServer() calls fleet() and is itself called several times per
+     * render (Files ~6x, Services ~4x), so without this each call re-ran the fleet query.
+     * Protected, so Livewire does not serialise it into the snapshot; it resets on every
+     * request (the component is re-hydrated), and no page in scope mutates the fleet mid-request.
+     */
+    protected ?Collection $fleetMemo = null;
+
     public function fleet(): Collection
     {
-        return Server::withExists('credential')->orderBy('name')->get();
+        return $this->fleetMemo ??= Server::withExists('credential')->orderBy('name')->get();
     }
 
     public function activeServer(): ?Server

app/Livewire/Dashboard.php

@@ -8,18 +8,22 @@ use App\Models\Server;
 use App\Services\FleetService;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
 use Livewire\Component;
 use Throwable;
 
 #[Layout('layouts.app')]
-#[Title('Clusev — Dashboard')]
 class Dashboard extends Component
 {
     use WithFleetContext;
 
     public bool $ready = false;
 
+    /** Page <title>; localized at runtime (attributes can't call __()). */
+    public function title(): string
+    {
+        return __('dashboard.page_title');
+    }
+
     /** @var array<int, array> notable systemd units (lazy-loaded over SSH) */
     public array $svcRows = [];
 
@@ -124,9 +128,9 @@ class Dashboard extends Component
             'diskSub' => isset($latest['disk_total']) && $latest['disk_total'] > 0
                 ? $latest['disk_used'].' / '.$latest['disk_total'].' GB'
                 : null,
-            'loadSub' => $cores.' '.($cores === 1 ? 'Kern' : 'Kerne'),
+            'loadSub' => $cores.' '.($cores === 1 ? __('dashboard.core') : __('dashboard.cores')),
             'services' => $this->svcRows,
             'events' => AuditEvent::with('server')->latest()->limit(6)->get(),
-        ]);
+        ])->title($this->title());
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Docker/Index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Docker;
+
+use App\Exceptions\DockerNotInstalled;
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\HostCredential;
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Services\DockerService;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Component;
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * Docker for the CLUSEV HOST — the machine Clusev runs on, reached via the stored HostCredential
+ * over the local Docker gateway. Admin-only (manage-fleet), the same bar as the host terminal: a
+ * `Stop` on a control-plane container takes Clusev down. Per-SERVER container management lives on
+ * the server-details page (the "Docker" tab / App\Livewire\Servers\ServerDocker). Loads lazily.
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Index extends Component
+{
+    /** @var array<int, array<string, string>> */
+    public array $containers = [];
+
+    public bool $connected = false;
+
+    public bool $ready = false;
+
+    /** Docker binary absent on the host — an honest state, not an error. */
+    public bool $notInstalled = false;
+
+    /** No host SSH login configured yet — point the operator to setup. */
+    public bool $hostNotConfigured = false;
+
+    /** The docker error (daemon down / permission / rootless), surfaced so "empty" isn't misleading. */
+    public ?string $error = null;
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        // The host is the control-plane machine — admin-only, like the host terminal.
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+    }
+
+    public function title(): string
+    {
+        return __('docker.title');
+    }
+
+    /** A transient Server pointing at the Clusev host (built from the host login), or null if unset. */
+    private function hostServer(): ?Server
+    {
+        return HostCredential::current()?->toServer();
+    }
+
+    public function load(DockerService $docker): void
+    {
+        $this->containers = [];
+        $this->connected = false;
+        $this->notInstalled = false;
+        $this->hostNotConfigured = false;
+        $this->error = null;
+
+        $server = $this->hostServer();
+        if (! $server) {
+            $this->hostNotConfigured = true;
+            $this->ready = true;
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            // ONE SSH round-trip: containers() derives the "not installed" state from the docker ps
+            // call itself (a missing binary throws DockerNotInstalled), so no separate available() probe.
+            $this->containers = $docker->containers($server);
+            $this->connected = true;
+        } catch (DockerNotInstalled) {
+            $this->notInstalled = true;
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->connected = false;
+            $this->error = mb_scrub(mb_strcut($e->getMessage(), 0, 300), 'UTF-8');
+        }
+
+        $this->ready = true;
+    }
+
+    public function action(string $id, string $op, DockerService $docker): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
+        $server = $this->hostServer();
+        if (! $server) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $res = $docker->containerAction($server, $id, $op);
+            AuditEvent::create([
+                'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+                'server_id' => null, // the host is transient (no fleet row); the target label names it
+                'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+                'action' => 'docker.action',
+                'target' => "{$op} {$id} · {$server->name}",
+                'ip' => request()->ip(),
+            ]);
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: $res['ok']
+                ? __('docker.action_ok', ['op' => $op, 'ref' => $id])
+                : __('docker.action_failed', ['error' => $res['output']]));
+        } catch (InvalidArgumentException) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('docker.invalid_ref'));
+        }
+
+        $this->load($docker);
+    }
+
+    /** Open the read-only logs modal for a host container (ref re-validated in DockerService). */
+    public function viewLogs(string $id, string $name = ''): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal', component: 'modals.container-logs', arguments: [
+            // 0 is the sentinel the logs modal resolves to the Clusev host (no persisted id).
+            'serverId' => 0,
+            'ref' => $id,
+            'name' => $name,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function render(): View
+    {
+        return view('livewire.docker.index')->title($this->title());
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Files/Index.php

@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ namespace App\Livewire\Files;
 
 use App\Livewire\Concerns\WithFleetContext;
 use App\Services\FleetService;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
 use Livewire\Attributes\On;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
 use Livewire\Component;
 use Livewire\WithFileUploads;
 use Throwable;
 
 #[Layout('layouts.app')]
-#[Title('Dateien — Clusev')]
 class Index extends Component
 {
     use WithFileUploads, WithFleetContext;
@@ -60,7 +60,11 @@ class Index extends Component
             return;
         }
 
-        $this->path = rtrim($this->path, '/').'/'.$name;
+        // basename() for parity with download()/edit()/confirmDelete(): a listing entry
+        // name is a single path segment, never a traversal fragment. $entries is a public,
+        // non-#[Locked] property, so a crafted /livewire/update could otherwise set name to
+        // ../.. and walk outside the browsed tree.
+        $this->path = rtrim($this->path, '/').'/'.basename($name);
         $this->load();
     }
 
@@ -80,6 +84,8 @@ class Index extends Component
     /** Upload the selected file into the current directory (SFTP put). */
     public function updatedUpload(FleetService $fleet): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
         $this->validate(['upload' => ['file', 'max:51200']]);  // 50 MB
 
         $active = $this->activeServer();
@@ -87,9 +93,9 @@ class Index extends Component
             try {
                 $name = basename($this->upload->getClientOriginalName());
                 $fleet->uploadFile($active, rtrim($this->path, '/').'/'.$name, $this->upload->getRealPath());
-                $this->dispatch('notify', message: "„{$name}“ hochgeladen.");
+                $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('files.uploaded', ['name' => $name]));
             } catch (Throwable $e) {
-                $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Upload fehlgeschlagen: '.$e->getMessage());
+                $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('files.upload_failed', ['error' => $e->getMessage()]));
             }
         }
 
@@ -100,6 +106,11 @@ class Index extends Component
     /** Stream a remote file to the browser as a download (SFTP get). */
     public function download(int $index, FleetService $fleet)
     {
+        // Reading a file's BYTES over the server credential (often root) discloses secrets a
+        // viewer must not reach (/etc/shadow, keys, .env). Browsing the LISTING stays open;
+        // pulling content requires operate, like every other file operation.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
         $name = $this->entries[$index]['name'] ?? null;
         $active = $this->activeServer();
         if ($name === null || ! $active || ! $active->credential_exists) {
@@ -109,7 +120,7 @@ class Index extends Component
         try {
             $content = $fleet->getFile($active, rtrim($this->path, '/').'/'.basename($name));
         } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: $e->getMessage());
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('files.download_failed', ['error' => $e->getMessage()]));
 
             return null;
         }
@@ -120,6 +131,10 @@ class Index extends Component
     /** Open the view/edit modal for a file. */
     public function edit(int $index): void
     {
+        // The editor reads (and can write) file content — an operate action. Gate here so a
+        // viewer never even opens the modal; FileEditor::load() re-checks on the read itself.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
         $name = $this->entries[$index]['name'] ?? null;
         $active = $this->activeServer();
         if ($name === null || ! $active) {
@@ -167,39 +182,62 @@ class Index extends Component
      */
     public function confirmDelete(int $index): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
         $name = $this->entries[$index]['name'] ?? null;
         if ($name === null) {
             return;
         }
 
+        // Seal the FULL path + the server id so the token cannot be retargeted to
+        // another directory (client-held $path) or host (session-selected server).
+        $fullPath = rtrim($this->path, '/')."/{$name}";
+
         $this->dispatch('openModal',
             component: 'modals.confirm-action',
             arguments: [
-                'heading' => 'Datei löschen',
-                'body' => "„{$name}“ wird unwiderruflich aus {$this->path} entfernt.",
-                'confirmLabel' => 'Löschen',
+                'heading' => __('files.delete_heading'),
+                'body' => __('files.delete_body', ['name' => $name, 'path' => $this->path]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('common.delete'),
                 'danger' => true,
                 'icon' => 'trash',
-                'auditAction' => 'file.delete',
-                'auditTarget' => rtrim($this->path, '/')."/{$name}",
-                'event' => 'fileConfirmed',
-                'params' => ['name' => $name],
-                'notify' => "„{$name}“ gelöscht.",
+                'notify' => __('files.delete_notify', ['name' => $name]),
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'fileConfirmed',
+                    ['path' => $fullPath],
+                    'file.delete',
+                    $fullPath,
+                    $this->activeServer()?->id,
+                ),
             ],
         );
     }
 
     /** Applies the confirmed deletion over SFTP, then reloads the directory. */
     #[On('fileConfirmed')]
-    public function deleteEntry(string $name, FleetService $fleet): void
+    public function deleteEntry(string $confirmToken, FleetService $fleet): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'fileConfirmed');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
         $active = $this->activeServer();
 
-        if ($active && $active->credential_exists) {
+        if (! $active || ($payload['serverId'] ?? null) !== $active->id) {
+            return; // token sealed for a different server — refuse to retarget
+        }
+
+        // Delete the SEALED path, never a client-recombined one.
+        $path = $payload['params']['path'];
+
+        if ($active->credential_exists) {
             try {
-                $fleet->deleteFile($active, rtrim($this->path, '/').'/'.$name);
+                $fleet->deleteFile($active, $path);
             } catch (Throwable $e) {
-                $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Löschen fehlgeschlagen: '.$e->getMessage());
+                $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('files.delete_failed', ['error' => $e->getMessage()]));
 
                 return;
             }
@@ -210,6 +248,6 @@ class Index extends Component
 
     public function render()
     {
-        return view('livewire.files.index');
+        return view('livewire.files.index')->title(__('files.title'));
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Health/Index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Health;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\HealthCheck;
+use App\Services\HealthService;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Component;
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * Uptime / health status board. `operate`-gated (route + mount + per-method). Probes run NATIVELY
+ * (HealthService — Laravel HTTP client / a PHP TCP stream, no SSH/shell). The lazy scan is
+ * per-check guarded. Deleting a check goes through a signed ConfirmToken + R5 modal.
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Index extends Component
+{
+    // Add-check form
+    public string $label = '';
+
+    public string $type = 'http';
+
+    public string $target = '';
+
+    public ?int $port = null;
+
+    /** @var array<string, array{ok:bool, latency:?int, detail:string}> check uuid → probe result */
+    public array $results = [];
+
+    public bool $ready = false;
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+    }
+
+    public function title(): string
+    {
+        return __('health.title');
+    }
+
+    private function gate(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+    }
+
+    private function audit(string $action, string $target): void
+    {
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => $action,
+            'target' => $target,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function scan(HealthService $health): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $this->results = [];
+
+        foreach (HealthCheck::orderBy('label')->orderBy('target')->get() as $check) {
+            try {
+                $this->results[$check->uuid] = $health->probe($check);
+            } catch (Throwable $e) {
+                $this->results[$check->uuid] = ['ok' => false, 'latency' => null, 'detail' => $e->getMessage()];
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->ready = true;
+    }
+
+    public function addCheck(HealthService $health): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        // HTTP → a real http(s) URL; TCP → a hostname/IP + a port. Neither is ever shelled.
+        $rules = [
+            'label' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:60'],
+            'type' => ['required', Rule::in(HealthCheck::TYPES)],
+        ];
+        if ($this->type === 'tcp') {
+            $rules['target'] = ['required', 'string', 'max:253', 'regex:/^[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9.\-]*[A-Za-z0-9])?$/'];
+            $rules['port'] = ['required', 'integer', 'min:1', 'max:65535'];
+        } else {
+            $rules['target'] = ['required', 'url:http,https', 'max:2048'];
+            $rules['port'] = ['nullable'];
+        }
+
+        $data = $this->validate($rules);
+
+        $check = HealthCheck::create([
+            'label' => $data['label'] ?? null,
+            'type' => $data['type'],
+            'target' => $data['target'],
+            'port' => $this->type === 'tcp' ? $data['port'] : null,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->audit('health.check_add', $data['target']);
+
+        // Probe the new check right away so its status/latency shows immediately (not only after a
+        // manual refresh / the next scheduled scan).
+        try {
+            $this->results[$check->uuid] = $health->probe($check);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->results[$check->uuid] = ['ok' => false, 'latency' => null, 'detail' => $e->getMessage()];
+        }
+
+        $this->reset('label', 'target', 'port');
+        $this->type = 'http';
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('health.added'));
+    }
+
+    public function confirmDeleteCheck(string $uuid): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $check = HealthCheck::where('uuid', $uuid)->firstOrFail();
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('health.delete_heading'),
+                'body' => __('health.delete_body', ['target' => $check->target]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('common.delete'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'trash',
+                'notify' => __('health.deleted'),
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue('healthCheckDeleted', ['uuid' => $check->uuid], 'health.check_delete', $check->target, null),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('healthCheckDeleted')]
+    public function deleteCheck(string $confirmToken): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'healthCheckDeleted');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        HealthCheck::where('uuid', $payload['params']['uuid'])->first()?->delete();
+    }
+
+    public function render(): View
+    {
+        $checks = HealthCheck::orderBy('label')->orderBy('target')->get();
+        $up = count(array_filter($this->results, fn ($r) => $r['ok'] ?? false));
+
+        return view('livewire.health.index', [
+            'checks' => $checks,
+            'up' => $up,
+            'total' => count($this->results),
+        ])->title($this->title());
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Help/Index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Help;
+
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Url;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+/**
+ * In-panel help/documentation. Pure display: a left topic nav (like Settings) and a per-locale
+ * content partial. No persistence, no external calls. Topic keys are also the content-partial
+ * filenames at resources/views/livewire/help/content/{de,en}/<topic>.blade.php.
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Index extends Component
+{
+    /** Help topics in display order. */
+    private const TOPICS = [
+        'overview', 'domain-tls', 'security', 'updates', 'commands',
+        'servers', 'sessions', 'email', 'audit', 'wireguard', 'recovery',
+    ];
+
+    #[Url]
+    public string $topic = 'overview';
+
+    // mount() handles the test/parameter-injection path (Livewire::test($class, ['topic' => …])).
+    // Browser deep links populate $topic via the #[Url] attribute above and bypass mount on
+    // hydration. Both paths are validated by the render() clamp below.
+    public function mount(?string $topic = null): void
+    {
+        if ($topic !== null) {
+            $this->topic = $topic; // clamped to a known topic in render()
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        // Authoritative guard: any unknown topic (deep link, tampered property) → overview, so
+        // the view never @includes a missing content partial.
+        if (! in_array($this->topic, self::TOPICS, true)) {
+            $this->topic = 'overview';
+        }
+
+        $labels = [
+            'overview' => __('help.topic_overview'),
+            'domain-tls' => __('help.topic_domain_tls'),
+            'security' => __('help.topic_security'),
+            'updates' => __('help.topic_updates'),
+            'commands' => __('help.topic_commands'),
+            'servers' => __('help.topic_servers'),
+            'sessions' => __('help.topic_sessions'),
+            'email' => __('help.topic_email'),
+            'audit' => __('help.topic_audit'),
+            'wireguard' => __('help.topic_wireguard'),
+            'recovery' => __('help.topic_recovery'),
+        ];
+
+        $topics = array_map(fn (string $key): array => ['key' => $key, 'label' => $labels[$key]], self::TOPICS);
+
+        return view('livewire.help.index', ['topics' => $topics])->title(__('help.title'));
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Modals/AddSshKey.php

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ class AddSshKey extends ModalComponent
 {
     public int $serverId;
 
+    public string $keyName = '';
+
     public string $publicKey = '';
 
     public ?string $generatedPrivate = null;
@@ -26,6 +28,9 @@ class AddSshKey extends ModalComponent
 
     public function mount(int $serverId): void
     {
+        // Installing an authorized_keys entry over SSH is a fleet-admin action.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
         $this->serverId = $serverId;
     }
 
@@ -40,23 +45,53 @@ class AddSshKey extends ModalComponent
     {
         $this->error = null;
         $key = EC::createKey('ed25519');
-        $this->publicKey = $key->getPublicKey()->toString('OpenSSH', ['comment' => 'clusev-key']);
+        // The comment is what identifies the key in the server's list — use the operator's name.
+        $this->publicKey = $key->getPublicKey()->toString('OpenSSH', ['comment' => $this->keyComment() ?: 'clusev-key']);
         $this->generatedPrivate = (string) $key->toString('OpenSSH');
     }
 
+    /** Sanitised key label, safe as an authorized_keys comment (single line, ≤64 chars), or '' if none. */
+    private function keyComment(): string
+    {
+        $name = preg_replace('/[\x00-\x1F\x7F]+/', ' ', $this->keyName) ?? '';
+        $name = trim(preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $name) ?? '');
+
+        return mb_substr($name, 0, 64);
+    }
+
+    /** Set the OpenSSH comment of a public-key line to $comment (only when a name was given). */
+    private function withComment(string $pub, string $comment): string
+    {
+        if ($comment === '') {
+            return $pub;
+        }
+        $parts = preg_split('/\s+/', trim($pub), 3);
+        if (count($parts) < 2) {
+            return $pub; // not a recognisable key line — let the SSH layer reject it
+        }
+
+        return $parts[0].' '.$parts[1].' '.$comment;
+    }
+
     public function save(FleetService $fleet): void
     {
+        // Re-gate on save: refuse a demoted user / hand-crafted /livewire/update after mount.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
         $this->error = null;
 
         $server = Server::find($this->serverId);
         if (! $server) {
-            $this->error = 'Server nicht gefunden.';
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
 
             return;
         }
 
+        $name = $this->keyComment();
+
         try {
-            $fleet->addAuthorizedKey($server, $this->publicKey);
+            // Force the key's comment to the operator's name so it is identifiable in the list.
+            $fleet->addAuthorizedKey($server, $this->withComment($this->publicKey, $name));
         } catch (Throwable $e) {
             $this->error = $e->getMessage();
 
@@ -68,12 +103,12 @@ class AddSshKey extends ModalComponent
             'server_id' => $server->id,
             'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
             'action' => 'ssh_key.add',
-            'target' => $server->name,
+            'target' => $name !== '' ? $server->name.' · '.$name : $server->name,
             'ip' => request()->ip(),
         ]);
 
         $this->dispatch('keyChanged');
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'SSH-Schlüssel hinzugefügt.');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.add_ssh_key.notify_added'));
         $this->closeModal();
     }
 

app/Livewire/Modals/ConfirmAction.php

@@ -3,67 +3,108 @@
 namespace App\Livewire\Modals;
 
 use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Computed;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Locked;
 use LivewireUI\Modal\ModalComponent;
 
 /**
  * Generic R5 confirmation dialog for destructive / stateful actions.
  *
- * The opener passes copy + an audit descriptor + a follow-up event. On confirm
- * we persist exactly one AuditEvent and re-dispatch the opener's event so the
- * originating page can apply its own state change. The modal stays
+ * The opener mints a signed, single-use {@see ConfirmToken} that seals the follow-up
+ * event + its params + the audit descriptor, and passes ONLY that token (plus display
+ * copy) to the modal. On confirm we re-verify the token, persist exactly one
+ * AuditEvent from the SEALED descriptor (never from client input), and re-dispatch the
+ * sealed event so the originating page can apply its own state change — handing the
+ * same token on so the apply handler can burn it (single-use). The modal stays
  * domain-agnostic and is reused for every confirm in the app (R5).
+ *
+ * Routing lives only in the token: the modal exposes no client-mutable event/params/
+ * audit fields, and the token itself is #[Locked] so it cannot be swapped after open.
  */
 class ConfirmAction extends ModalComponent
 {
-    public string $heading = 'Aktion bestätigen';
+    public string $heading = '';
 
     public string $body = '';
 
-    public string $confirmLabel = 'Bestätigen';
+    public string $confirmLabel = '';
 
     public bool $danger = false;
 
     public string $icon = '';
 
-    /** Audit descriptor — one row written on confirm. */
-    public string $auditAction = '';
-
-    public ?string $auditTarget = null;
-
-    public ?int $serverId = null;
-
-    /** Follow-up event re-dispatched to the page after a successful confirm. */
-    public string $event = '';
-
-    /** @var array<string, mixed> */
-    public array $params = [];
-
     /** Toast shown on confirm. Pass '' to defer the notification to the handler
-     *  (e.g. when the real outcome is only known after a remote command runs). */
-    public string $notify = 'Aktion ausgeführt.';
+     *  (e.g. when the real outcome is only known after a remote command runs);
+     *  leave null to fall back to the generic default toast. */
+    public ?string $notify = null;
+
+    /** The sealed routing input — the ONLY thing that decides what runs/gets audited. */
+    #[Locked]
+    public string $token = '';
+
+    public function mount(
+        string $token,
+        string $heading = '',
+        string $body = '',
+        string $confirmLabel = '',
+        bool $danger = false,
+        string $icon = '',
+        ?string $notify = null,
+    ): void {
+        $this->token = $token;
+        $this->body = $body;
+        $this->danger = $danger;
+        $this->icon = $icon;
+
+        // Localized fallbacks for any copy the opener did not pass.
+        $this->heading = $heading !== '' ? $heading : __('modals.confirm_action.default_heading');
+        $this->confirmLabel = $confirmLabel !== '' ? $confirmLabel : __('common.confirm');
+        $this->notify = $notify ?? __('modals.confirm_action.default_notify');
+    }
 
     public static function modalMaxWidth(): string
     {
         return 'md';
     }
 
+    /** Audit-target line for the view — read from the signed token, not client state. */
+    #[Computed]
+    public function targetLabel(): ?string
+    {
+        return ConfirmToken::peek($this->token)['auditTarget'] ?? null;
+    }
+
     public function confirm(): void
     {
-        if ($this->auditAction !== '') {
+        try {
+            // Flip the token pending → confirmed (single transition). This IS the
+            // confirmation: an apply handler may only consume a confirmed token.
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::confirm($this->token);
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            // Forged / tampered / expired / already-confirmed — never audit or dispatch.
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.confirm_action.rejected'));
+            $this->closeModal();
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (($payload['auditAction'] ?? '') !== '') {
             AuditEvent::create([
                 'user_id' => Auth::id(),
-                'server_id' => $this->serverId,
+                'server_id' => $payload['serverId'] ?? null,
                 'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
-                'action' => $this->auditAction,
-                'target' => $this->auditTarget,
+                'action' => $payload['auditAction'],
+                'target' => $payload['auditTarget'] ?? null,
                 'ip' => request()->ip(),
             ]);
         }
 
-        if ($this->event !== '') {
-            $this->dispatch($this->event, ...$this->params);
-        }
+        // Re-dispatch the sealed event, handing the token on so the apply handler can
+        // burn it (single-use) and read the sealed params itself.
+        $this->dispatch($payload['event'], confirmToken: $this->token);
 
         // Empty notify = the handler will report the real outcome itself.
         if ($this->notify !== '') {

app/Livewire/Modals/ContainerLogs.php

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Modals;
+
+use App\Models\HostCredential;
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Services\DockerService;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+use LivewireUI\Modal\ModalComponent;
+use Throwable;
+
+/** Read-only container log tail. Loads lazily; the container ref is re-validated in DockerService. */
+class ContainerLogs extends ModalComponent
+{
+    public int $serverId;
+
+    public string $ref;
+
+    /** Display name for the modal title (the real ref stays the docker target). */
+    public string $name = '';
+
+    public string $logs = '';
+
+    public bool $loaded = false;
+
+    public ?string $error = null;
+
+    public function mount(int $serverId, string $ref, string $name = ''): void
+    {
+        $this->serverId = $serverId;
+        $this->ref = $ref;
+        $this->name = $name;
+    }
+
+    public static function modalMaxWidth(): string
+    {
+        return 'lg';
+    }
+
+    public function load(DockerService $docker): void
+    {
+        // Re-gate the actual read (not just the opener): logs can leak secrets → operate only.
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
+        // serverId 0 = the Clusev host (transient server from the host login); otherwise a fleet server.
+        // The host is admin-only (manage-fleet), matching the host terminal + the Docker host target.
+        if ($this->serverId === 0) {
+            abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+        }
+        $server = $this->serverId === 0
+            ? HostCredential::current()?->toServer()
+            : Server::find($this->serverId);
+        if (! $server) {
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
+            $this->loaded = true;
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $this->logs = $docker->logs($server, $this->ref, 200);
+        } catch (InvalidArgumentException) {
+            $this->error = __('docker.invalid_ref');
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->error = $e->getMessage();
+        }
+
+        $this->loaded = true;
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.modals.container-logs');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Modals/CreateServer.php

@@ -4,9 +4,12 @@ namespace App\Livewire\Modals;
 
 use App\Models\AuditEvent;
 use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Services\FleetService;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 use LivewireUI\Modal\ModalComponent;
 
 /**
@@ -33,6 +36,12 @@ class CreateServer extends ModalComponent
 
     public string $credentialName = '';
 
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        // Registering a server + depositing its SSH login is a fleet-admin action.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+    }
+
     public static function modalMaxWidth(): string
     {
         return 'lg';
@@ -54,7 +63,7 @@ class CreateServer extends ModalComponent
                 $numericDotted = preg_match('/^[0-9.]+$/', $value) === 1;
                 $isHost = ! $numericDotted && preg_match('/^(?=.{1,253}$)(?:[A-Za-z0-9](?:[A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?\.)*[A-Za-z0-9](?:[A-Za-z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Za-z0-9])?$/', $value) === 1;
                 if (! $isIp && ! $isHost) {
-                    $fail('Bitte eine gültige IP-Adresse oder einen Hostnamen angeben.');
+                    $fail(__('modals.create_server.validation_ip_or_host'));
                 }
             }],
             'sshPort' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:1', 'max:65535'],
@@ -72,28 +81,35 @@ class CreateServer extends ModalComponent
     protected function validationAttributes(): array
     {
         return [
-            'name' => 'Name',
-            'ip' => 'IP/Host',
-            'sshPort' => 'SSH-Port',
-            'username' => 'Benutzer',
-            'authType' => 'Authentifizierung',
-            'secret' => $this->authType === 'key' ? 'Privater Schlüssel' : 'Passwort',
-            'credentialName' => 'Zugangs-Name',
+            'name' => __('modals.create_server.attr_name'),
+            'ip' => __('modals.create_server.attr_ip'),
+            'sshPort' => __('modals.create_server.attr_ssh_port'),
+            'username' => __('modals.create_server.attr_user'),
+            'authType' => __('modals.create_server.attr_auth'),
+            'secret' => $this->authType === 'key' ? __('modals.create_server.attr_secret_key') : __('modals.create_server.attr_secret_password'),
+            'credentialName' => __('modals.create_server.attr_credential_name'),
         ];
     }
 
     public function save(): void
     {
+        // Re-gate on save: mount()'s guard is not enough — a demotion mid-session or a
+        // hand-crafted /livewire/update must still be refused at the write.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
         $data = $this->validate();
 
-        // Atomic: a failure creating the credential or audit must not leave a
-        // server row without its required SSH credential.
+        // Atomic: create server + credential, then VERIFY the SSH login. A failed
+        // probe throws -> the whole transaction rolls back, so no half-registered
+        // server is left behind, and the operator sees the real SSH reason on the
+        // form. A verified server starts as 'pending' ("Initialisierung") — never
+        // red — until the first contact promotes it.
         $server = DB::transaction(function () use ($data) {
             $server = Server::create([
                 'name' => trim($data['name']),
                 'ip' => trim($data['ip']),
                 'ssh_port' => (int) $data['sshPort'],
-                'status' => 'offline',
+                'status' => 'pending',
             ]);
 
             $server->credential()->create([
@@ -104,6 +120,14 @@ class CreateServer extends ModalComponent
                 'passphrase' => $this->authType === 'key' && $this->passphrase !== '' ? $this->passphrase : null,
             ]);
 
+            $server->load('credential');
+            $probe = app(FleetService::class)->testConnection($server);
+            if (! $probe['ok']) {
+                throw ValidationException::withMessages([
+                    'secret' => __('modals.create_server.validation_ssh_failed', ['error' => Str::limit((string) $probe['error'], 120)]),
+                ]);
+            }
+
             AuditEvent::create([
                 'user_id' => Auth::id(),
                 'server_id' => $server->id,
@@ -117,7 +141,7 @@ class CreateServer extends ModalComponent
         });
 
         $this->dispatch('serverCreated');
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Server hinzugefügt.');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.create_server.notify_added'));
         $this->closeModal();
     }
 

app/Livewire/Modals/CreateUser.php

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Modals;
+
+use App\Enums\Role;
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Password;
+use LivewireUI\Modal\ModalComponent;
+
+/**
+ * Form modal: add a new account with an RBAC role (admin > operator > viewer; new accounts
+ * default to `operator` — least privilege). Restricted to admins (`manage-users`). The creator
+ * may set a password directly, or leave it blank — then a strong initial password is generated, the
+ * account is flagged `must_change_password`, and the clear-text password is revealed ONCE in the modal
+ * (never persisted or logged). An operator-set password is the user's own, so no forced rotation.
+ */
+class CreateUser extends ModalComponent
+{
+    public string $name = '';
+
+    public string $email = '';
+
+    /** New account role (admin > operator > viewer). Defaults to operator — least privilege. */
+    public string $role = 'operator';
+
+    /** Optional operator-set password; blank = generate an initial password and reveal it once. */
+    public string $password = '';
+
+    /** Clear-text temp password, held in component state only to reveal it once. */
+    public ?string $tempPassword = null;
+
+    /** Name of the account just created, used in the reveal copy. */
+    public string $createdName = '';
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-users'), 403);
+    }
+
+    public static function modalMaxWidth(): string
+    {
+        return 'lg';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, array<int, mixed>>
+     */
+    protected function rules(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:120'],
+            'email' => ['required', 'string', 'email', 'max:255', Rule::unique('users', 'email')],
+            // Optional — when set it must meet the same strength as a self-chosen password.
+            'password' => ['nullable', 'string', Password::min(6)],
+            'role' => ['required', Rule::enum(Role::class)],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, string>
+     */
+    protected function validationAttributes(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'name' => __('accounts.name_label'),
+            'email' => __('accounts.email_label'),
+            'password' => __('accounts.password_label'),
+            'role' => __('accounts.role_label'),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function save(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-users'), 403);
+
+        $data = $this->validate();
+
+        // Re-check uniqueness server-side regardless of the live validator state.
+        $email = mb_strtolower(trim($data['email']));
+        if (User::where('email', $email)->exists()) {
+            $this->addError('email', __('validation.unique', ['attribute' => __('accounts.email_label')]));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Operator-set password = the user's own login (no forced rotation). Blank = generate a strong
+        // initial password that the user is prompted to rotate, and reveal it once below.
+        $operatorSet = $this->password !== '';
+        $password = $operatorSet ? $this->password : Str::password(16);
+
+        $user = User::create([
+            'name' => trim($data['name']),
+            'email' => $email,
+            'password' => Hash::make($password),
+            'must_change_password' => ! $operatorSet,
+            'role' => $data['role'],
+        ]);
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => 'user.create',
+            'target' => $user->email,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        // Operator already knows the password they set → no reveal; just confirm and close.
+        if ($operatorSet) {
+            $this->dispatch('usersChanged');
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('accounts.created_notify', ['name' => $user->name]));
+            $this->closeModal();
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Reveal the generated initial password ONCE — swaps the form for the reveal panel.
+        $this->createdName = $user->name;
+        $this->tempPassword = $password;
+    }
+
+    /** "Fertig": reload the list and close. */
+    public function finish(): void
+    {
+        $this->dispatch('usersChanged');
+        $this->closeModal();
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.modals.create-user');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Modals/EditCredential.php

@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ class EditCredential extends ModalComponent
 
     public function mount(int $serverId): void
     {
+        // Depositing/updating a server's SSH login is a fleet-admin action.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
         $this->serverId = $serverId;
 
         if ($cred = Server::find($serverId)?->credential) {
@@ -46,21 +49,24 @@ class EditCredential extends ModalComponent
 
     public function save(): void
     {
+        // Re-gate on save: refuse a demoted user / hand-crafted /livewire/update after mount.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
         $this->error = null;
 
         $server = Server::find($this->serverId);
         if (! $server) {
-            $this->error = 'Server nicht gefunden.';
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
 
             return;
         }
         if (trim($this->username) === '' || trim($this->secret) === '') {
-            $this->error = 'Benutzer und Passwort/Schlüssel sind erforderlich.';
+            $this->error = __('modals.edit_credential.error_required');
 
             return;
         }
         if (mb_strlen(trim($this->name)) > 120) {
-            $this->error = 'Name darf höchstens 120 Zeichen lang sein.';
+            $this->error = __('modals.edit_credential.error_name_too_long');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -84,7 +90,7 @@ class EditCredential extends ModalComponent
         ]);
 
         $this->dispatch('credentialChanged');
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Zugangsdaten gespeichert.');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.edit_credential.notify_saved'));
         $this->closeModal();
     }
 

app/Livewire/Modals/Fail2banBan.php

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ class Fail2banBan extends ModalComponent
      */
     public function mount(int $serverId, array $jails = []): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
         $this->serverId = $serverId;
         $this->jails = array_values($jails);
         $this->jail = $this->jails[0] ?? 'sshd';
@@ -44,11 +46,13 @@ class Fail2banBan extends ModalComponent
 
     public function save(Fail2banService $fail2ban): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
         $this->error = null;
 
         $server = Server::find($this->serverId);
         if (! $server) {
-            $this->error = 'Server nicht gefunden.';
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@ class Fail2banBan extends ModalComponent
         }
 
         if (! $res['ok']) {
-            $this->error = $res['output'] !== '' ? $res['output'] : 'Sperren fehlgeschlagen.';
+            $this->error = $res['output'] !== '' ? $res['output'] : __('modals.fail2ban_ban.error_ban_failed');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ class Fail2banBan extends ModalComponent
         ]);
 
         $this->dispatch('fail2banChanged');
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'IP '.trim($this->ip).' gesperrt.');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.fail2ban_ban.notify_banned', ['ip' => trim($this->ip)]));
         $this->closeModal();
     }
 

app/Livewire/Modals/Fail2banBans.php

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Modals;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Services\Fail2banService;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Locked;
+use LivewireUI\Modal\ModalComponent;
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * Scrollable list of fail2ban jails + their currently-banned IPs, lifted out of the
+ * servers/show panel so a long ban list never stretches the page. mount() only stores
+ * the serverId so the modal opens INSTANTLY; load() (fired by wire:init, behind a
+ * skeleton) does the live jail-status read via Fail2banService (the SAME service the
+ * page uses). unban() calls Fail2banService::unban (the SAME path as Show::unbanIp),
+ * audits the success, refreshes this modal's list, and dispatches `fail2banChanged`
+ * so the page panel re-reads too.
+ */
+class Fail2banBans extends ModalComponent
+{
+    #[Locked]
+    public int $serverId;
+
+    /** Jail status rows (name/currentlyBanned/currentlyFailed/bannedIps) for the list. */
+    public array $jails = [];
+
+    /** True once the live status was read (distinguishes "no bans" from "not loaded"). */
+    public bool $loaded = false;
+
+    public ?string $error = null;
+
+    public function mount(int $serverId): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        // Store the id ONLY so the modal opens instantly; the SSH read happens in load().
+        $this->serverId = $serverId;
+    }
+
+    public static function modalMaxWidth(): string
+    {
+        return 'lg';
+    }
+
+    /** Lazy: the SSH read runs after the modal renders (wire:init), behind a skeleton. */
+    public function load(Fail2banService $fail2ban): void
+    {
+        $this->loadJails($fail2ban);
+    }
+
+    /** Read the live jail/banned-IP status (same Fail2banService::status the page calls). */
+    private function loadJails(Fail2banService $fail2ban): void
+    {
+        $server = Server::find($this->serverId);
+        if (! $server) {
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $status = $fail2ban->status($server);
+            $this->jails = $status['jails'] ?? [];
+            $this->error = ! empty($status['readError']) ? __('servers.fail2ban_read_error') : null;
+            $this->loaded = true;
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->error = Str::limit($e->getMessage(), 120);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unban one IP — mirrors Show::unbanIp: call Fail2banService::unban, audit the
+     * success, refresh this list, and dispatch `fail2banChanged` so the page panel
+     * re-reads its own fail2ban state.
+     */
+    public function unbanIp(string $jail, string $ip, Fail2banService $fail2ban): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        $server = Server::find($this->serverId);
+        if (! $server) {
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $res = $fail2ban->unban($server, $jail, $ip);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_unban_failed', ['error' => Str::limit($e->getMessage(), 90)]));
+
+            return;
+        }
+        if (! $res['ok']) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_unban_failed', ['error' => Str::limit($res['output'] ?: __('servers.error_unknown'), 90)]));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'server_id' => $server->id,
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => 'fail2ban.unban',
+            'target' => $ip.' · '.$jail.' · '.$server->name,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_ip_unbanned', ['ip' => $ip]));
+
+        // Re-read this modal's list, then tell the page panel to re-pull its own state.
+        $this->loadJails($fail2ban);
+        $this->dispatch('fail2banChanged');
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.modals.fail2ban-bans');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Modals/Fail2banConfig.php

@@ -35,11 +35,13 @@ class Fail2banConfig extends ModalComponent
 
     public function mount(int $serverId, Fail2banService $fail2ban): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
         $this->serverId = $serverId;
 
         $server = Server::find($serverId);
         if (! $server) {
-            $this->error = 'Server nicht gefunden.';
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -64,10 +66,12 @@ class Fail2banConfig extends ModalComponent
 
     public function save(Fail2banService $fail2ban): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
         // Never overwrite the remote policy with defaults the operator never saw —
         // saving is only allowed once the current values were read successfully.
         if (! $this->loaded) {
-            $this->error = 'Aktuelle Konfiguration konnte nicht gelesen werden — Speichern ist gesperrt.';
+            $this->error = __('modals.fail2ban_config.error_read_locked');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -83,17 +87,17 @@ class Fail2banConfig extends ModalComponent
             'maxretry' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:1', 'max:100'],
             'findtime' => $duration,
         ], [
-            'bantime.regex' => 'Ungültige Dauer (z. B. 600, 10m, 1h, -1 für dauerhaft).',
-            'findtime.regex' => 'Ungültige Dauer (z. B. 600, 10m, 1h).',
+            'bantime.regex' => __('modals.fail2ban_config.error_bantime_invalid'),
+            'findtime.regex' => __('modals.fail2ban_config.error_findtime_invalid'),
         ], [
-            'bantime' => 'Sperrdauer',
-            'maxretry' => 'Max. Fehlversuche',
-            'findtime' => 'Zeitfenster',
+            'bantime' => __('modals.fail2ban_config.attr_bantime'),
+            'maxretry' => __('modals.fail2ban_config.attr_maxretry'),
+            'findtime' => __('modals.fail2ban_config.attr_findtime'),
         ]);
 
         $server = Server::find($this->serverId);
         if (! $server) {
-            $this->error = 'Server nicht gefunden.';
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -114,7 +118,7 @@ class Fail2banConfig extends ModalComponent
         }
 
         if (! $result['ok']) {
-            $this->error = 'Speichern fehlgeschlagen. '.$result['output'];
+            $this->error = __('modals.fail2ban_config.error_save_failed', ['output' => $result['output']]);
 
             return;
         }
@@ -129,7 +133,7 @@ class Fail2banConfig extends ModalComponent
         ]);
 
         $this->dispatch('hardeningApplied');
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'fail2ban konfiguriert.');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.fail2ban_config.notify_saved'));
         $this->closeModal();
     }
 

app/Livewire/Modals/FileEditor.php

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace App\Livewire\Modals;
 use App\Models\AuditEvent;
 use App\Models\Server;
 use App\Services\FleetService;
+use App\Support\Ssh\Sftp;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
 use LivewireUI\Modal\ModalComponent;
 use Throwable;
@@ -12,9 +13,16 @@ use Throwable;
 /**
  * View / edit a remote text file over SFTP. Loads lazily (wire:init), refuses
  * binary or oversized files, and writes back on save with an AuditEvent.
+ * Image files are shown as a read-only base64 preview instead of the editor.
  */
 class FileEditor extends ModalComponent
 {
+    /** Image preview is capped — larger images are refused (base64 inflates ~33%). */
+    private const IMAGE_MAX_BYTES = 5_242_880; // 5 MB
+
+    /** Extensions rendered as an inline image preview (read-only). */
+    private const IMAGE_EXTENSIONS = ['png', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'gif', 'webp', 'svg', 'bmp', 'ico', 'avif'];
+
     public int $serverId;
 
     public string $path;
@@ -31,6 +39,9 @@ class FileEditor extends ModalComponent
 
     public ?string $error = null;
 
+    /** base64 `data:` URI for image previews; null for text files. */
+    public ?string $dataUri = null;
+
     public function mount(int $serverId, string $path, string $name): void
     {
         $this->serverId = $serverId;
@@ -43,21 +54,55 @@ class FileEditor extends ModalComponent
         return 'lg';
     }
 
-    public function load(FleetService $fleet): void
+    /** True when the opened file is an image (preview, not editable). */
+    public function isImage(): bool
     {
+        return in_array($this->extension(), self::IMAGE_EXTENSIONS, true);
+    }
+
+    private function extension(): string
+    {
+        return strtolower(pathinfo($this->name, PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
+    }
+
+    /** MIME type for the image preview data URI, keyed off the extension. */
+    private function imageMime(): string
+    {
+        return match ($this->extension()) {
+            'svg' => 'image/svg+xml',
+            'jpg', 'jpeg' => 'image/jpeg',
+            'ico' => 'image/x-icon',
+            default => 'image/'.$this->extension(),
+        };
+    }
+
+    public function load(FleetService $fleet, Sftp $sftp): void
+    {
+        // The actual content read (SFTP get / readFile). Gate it directly — not just the
+        // Files::edit entry point — so file bytes the server credential can reach (root →
+        // /etc/shadow, keys, .env) are never disclosed to a read-only viewer.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
         $server = Server::find($this->serverId);
         if (! $server) {
-            $this->error = 'Server nicht gefunden.';
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
             $this->loaded = true;
 
             return;
         }
 
         try {
-            $r = $fleet->readFile($server, $this->path);
-            $this->content = $r['content'];
-            $this->binary = $r['binary'];
-            $this->tooBig = $r['tooBig'];
+            if ($this->isImage()) {
+                $this->loadImage($server, $sftp);
+            } else {
+                $r = $fleet->readFile($server, $this->path);
+                $this->binary = $r['binary'];
+                $this->tooBig = $r['tooBig'];
+                // Never bind raw non-UTF-8 bytes to a public property: Livewire JSON-encodes the
+                // snapshot and invalid UTF-8 makes json_encode fail, so the client receives an empty
+                // response ("undefined is not valid JSON"). Binary/oversize files show a notice instead.
+                $this->content = ($r['binary'] || $r['tooBig']) ? '' : $r['content'];
+            }
         } catch (Throwable $e) {
             $this->error = $e->getMessage();
         }
@@ -65,13 +110,49 @@ class FileEditor extends ModalComponent
         $this->loaded = true;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Read the image bytes over SFTP and expose them as a base64 data URI.
+     * Refuses files larger than IMAGE_MAX_BYTES (checked before download).
+     */
+    private function loadImage(Server $server, Sftp $sftp): void
+    {
+        $sftp->connect($server);
+
+        try {
+            if ($sftp->size($this->path) > self::IMAGE_MAX_BYTES) {
+                $this->tooBig = true;
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            $bytes = $sftp->get($this->path);
+
+            if ($bytes === '') {
+                $this->error = __('modals.file_editor.image_read_failed');
+
+                return;
+            }
+
+            $this->dataUri = 'data:'.$this->imageMime().';base64,'.base64_encode($bytes);
+        } finally {
+            $sftp->disconnect();
+        }
+    }
+
     public function save(FleetService $fleet): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
         $this->error = null;
 
+        // Images are a read-only preview — never write them back.
+        if ($this->isImage()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         $server = Server::find($this->serverId);
         if (! $server) {
-            $this->error = 'Server nicht gefunden.';
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -94,7 +175,7 @@ class FileEditor extends ModalComponent
         ]);
 
         $this->dispatch('fileSaved');
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: '„'.$this->name.'" gespeichert.');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.file_editor.notify_saved', ['name' => $this->name]));
         $this->closeModal();
     }
 

app/Livewire/Modals/FirewallRule.php

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ class FirewallRule extends ModalComponent
 
     public function mount(int $serverId, string $tool = 'ufw'): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
         $this->serverId = $serverId;
         $this->tool = $tool === 'firewalld' ? 'firewalld' : 'ufw';
     }
@@ -44,11 +46,13 @@ class FirewallRule extends ModalComponent
 
     public function save(FirewallService $firewall): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
         $this->error = null;
 
         $server = Server::find($this->serverId);
         if (! $server) {
-            $this->error = 'Server nicht gefunden.';
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ class FirewallRule extends ModalComponent
         }
 
         if (! $res['ok']) {
-            $this->error = $res['output'] !== '' ? $res['output'] : 'Regel konnte nicht hinzugefügt werden.';
+            $this->error = $res['output'] !== '' ? $res['output'] : __('modals.firewall_rule.error_add_failed');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -79,7 +83,7 @@ class FirewallRule extends ModalComponent
         ]);
 
         $this->dispatch('firewallChanged');
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Firewall-Regel hinzugefügt.');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.firewall_rule.notify_added'));
         $this->closeModal();
     }
 
@@ -87,7 +91,10 @@ class FirewallRule extends ModalComponent
     private function summary(?int $port): string
     {
         if ($this->tool === 'firewalld') {
-            return 'Port '.$port.'/'.($this->proto === 'udp' ? 'udp' : 'tcp').' geöffnet';
+            return __('modals.firewall_rule.summary_port_opened', [
+                'port' => (string) $port,
+                'proto' => $this->proto === 'udp' ? 'udp' : 'tcp',
+            ]);
         }
 
         $parts = [$this->action];
@@ -95,7 +102,7 @@ class FirewallRule extends ModalComponent
             $parts[] = $port.($this->proto !== 'any' ? '/'.$this->proto : '');
         }
         if (trim($this->from) !== '') {
-            $parts[] = 'von '.trim($this->from);
+            $parts[] = __('modals.firewall_rule.summary_from', ['source' => trim($this->from)]);
         }
 
         return implode(' ', $parts);

app/Livewire/Modals/HardeningAction.php

@@ -41,13 +41,15 @@ class HardeningAction extends ModalComponent
 
     public function mount(int $serverId, string $action, bool $enable): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
         $this->serverId = $serverId;
         $this->action = $action;
         $this->enable = $enable;
 
         $server = Server::find($serverId);
         if (! $server) {
-            $this->error = 'Server nicht gefunden.';
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -68,13 +70,15 @@ class HardeningAction extends ModalComponent
 
     public function apply(): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
         if ($this->error !== null || $this->done) {
             return;
         }
 
         $server = Server::find($this->serverId);
         if (! $server) {
-            $this->error = 'Server nicht gefunden.';
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -91,23 +95,25 @@ class HardeningAction extends ModalComponent
 
         $this->done = true;
         $this->ok = $result['ok'];
-        // Clean result only — no raw command output on success; a short reason on failure.
-        $this->output = $this->ok ? '' : Str::limit(trim($result['output']) ?: 'Unbekannter Fehler.', 200);
+        // Clean result only — no raw command output on success; a bounded reason on failure. 400,
+        // not 200: our own guard messages (e.g. backend.ssh_root_self_lockout, 202 chars) must
+        // never be cut mid-sentence — the box wraps with break-words, so length is fine.
+        $this->output = $this->ok ? '' : Str::limit(trim($result['output']) ?: __('modals.hardening_action.error_unknown'), 400);
 
         AuditEvent::create([
             'user_id' => Auth::id(),
             'server_id' => $server->id,
             'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
             'action' => 'harden.'.$this->action.($this->enable ? '.on' : '.off'),
-            'target' => $server->name.' · '.$this->heading.($this->ok ? '' : ' (fehlgeschlagen)'),
+            'target' => $server->name.' · '.$this->heading.($this->ok ? '' : ' '.__('modals.hardening_action.audit_failed_suffix')),
             'ip' => request()->ip(),
         ]);
 
         if ($this->ok) {
             $this->dispatch('hardeningApplied');
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: $this->heading.' angewendet.');
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.hardening_action.notify_applied', ['action' => $this->heading]));
         } else {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: $this->heading.' fehlgeschlagen.');
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.hardening_action.notify_failed', ['action' => $this->heading]));
         }
     }
 

app/Livewire/Modals/HostShell.php

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Modals;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\HostCredential;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+use LivewireUI\Modal\ModalComponent;
+
+/**
+ * Form modal: configure the SSH login for the "Clusev host" terminal. The target is ALWAYS the local
+ * machine Clusev runs on (the Docker host, reached at host.docker.internal — fixed, not a free-form
+ * host, because an arbitrary machine is what fleet servers are for). The operator only supplies the
+ * login (user + password/key, and the port). Stores a single encrypted HostCredential; on edit a
+ * blank secret keeps the stored one, and the clear-text secret is never echoed back into the form.
+ */
+class HostShell extends ModalComponent
+{
+    /** The host terminal always targets the local machine; not operator-editable. */
+    private const HOST = 'host.docker.internal';
+
+    public int $port = 22;
+
+    public string $username = 'root';
+
+    public string $authType = 'password';
+
+    public string $secret = '';
+
+    public string $passphrase = '';
+
+    /** True when a HostCredential already exists — then a blank secret keeps the stored one. */
+    public bool $configured = false;
+
+    public static function modalMaxWidth(): string
+    {
+        return 'lg';
+    }
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        // The host SSH login is the Clusev machine itself — the most dangerous credential.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
+        $hc = HostCredential::current();
+        if ($hc !== null) {
+            $this->configured = true;
+            $this->port = $hc->port;
+            $this->username = $hc->username;
+            $this->authType = $hc->auth_type;
+            // secret/passphrase stay blank — never reveal the stored login back into the form.
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, array<int, mixed>>
+     */
+    protected function rules(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'port' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:1', 'max:65535'],
+            'username' => ['required', 'string', 'max:120'],
+            'authType' => ['required', Rule::in(['password', 'key'])],
+            // On first setup the secret is required; when editing an existing login a blank
+            // secret means "keep the stored one".
+            'secret' => [$this->configured ? 'nullable' : 'required', 'string'],
+            'passphrase' => ['nullable', 'string'],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, string>
+     */
+    protected function validationAttributes(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'port' => __('terminal.host_field_port'),
+            'username' => __('terminal.host_field_user'),
+            'authType' => __('terminal.host_field_auth'),
+            'secret' => $this->authType === 'key' ? __('terminal.host_field_key') : __('terminal.host_field_password'),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function save(): void
+    {
+        // Re-gate on save: refuse a demoted user / hand-crafted /livewire/update after mount.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
+        $data = $this->validate();
+
+        $existing = HostCredential::current();
+        // Switching the auth method (password ↔ key) requires a fresh secret: keeping the stored one
+        // would feed e.g. an old password into key auth (or vice versa) and silently break the login.
+        // A fresh secret is required whenever the auth method OR the target (username/port) changes:
+        // keeping the stored secret would feed an old password into key auth (or vice versa) and
+        // silently break the login, or reuse one account's secret against a different account/port.
+        $targetChanged = $existing !== null && (
+            $this->authType !== $existing->auth_type
+            || trim($this->username) !== $existing->username
+            || (int) $data['port'] !== $existing->port
+        );
+        if ($this->secret === '' && $targetChanged) {
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
+                'secret' => __('terminal.host_secret_required_for_auth_change'),
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        $hc = $existing ?? new HostCredential;
+        $hc->host = self::HOST; // always the local machine — not operator-editable
+        $hc->port = (int) $data['port'];
+        $hc->username = trim($data['username']);
+        $hc->auth_type = $data['authType'] === 'key' ? 'key' : 'password';
+        // Only overwrite the secret when a new one was entered (blank = keep the stored one).
+        if ($this->secret !== '') {
+            $hc->secret = $this->secret;
+            $hc->passphrase = $this->authType === 'key' && $this->passphrase !== '' ? $this->passphrase : null;
+        }
+        $hc->save();
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => 'host.terminal.configure',
+            'target' => $hc->username.'@'.$hc->host.':'.$hc->port,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->dispatch('hostShellSaved');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('terminal.host_saved'));
+        $this->closeModal();
+    }
+
+    public function remove(): void
+    {
+        // Re-gate on remove: refuse a demoted user / hand-crafted /livewire/update after mount.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
+        $hc = HostCredential::current();
+        if ($hc !== null) {
+            $target = $hc->username.'@'.$hc->host.':'.$hc->port;
+            HostCredential::query()->delete(); // singleton — clear any/all rows, not just the first
+            AuditEvent::create([
+                'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+                'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+                'action' => 'host.terminal.remove',
+                'target' => $target,
+                'ip' => request()->ip(),
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        $this->dispatch('hostShellSaved');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('terminal.host_removed'));
+        $this->closeModal();
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.modals.host-shell');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Modals/RecoveryCodes.php

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Modals;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use LivewireUI\Modal\ModalComponent;
+
+/**
+ * Backup (recovery) codes, shown once in a modal. Opened on first-factor enrollment and
+ * from Settings → Security ("Backup-Codes verwalten"). The download endpoint stays a route.
+ *
+ * Show-once is structural, not UX-level: the component holds NO codes and NO "revealed"
+ * state. Codes reach the browser only via a transient `reveal-codes` event fired from
+ * mount() (one-time `2fa.codes_fresh` flag) or regenerate(). Because mount() never runs on
+ * hydrate and dispatched events live in the one-time response effects (never the snapshot),
+ * a replayed/stale snapshot has nothing to re-render and fires no event — captured codes
+ * cannot be re-revealed by replaying a signed snapshot.
+ */
+class RecoveryCodes extends ModalComponent
+{
+    public static function modalMaxWidth(): string
+    {
+        return 'lg';
+    }
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        // One-time, server-set flag (a timestamp put on first-factor enrollment). pull() reads
+        // + forgets, so a refresh of the manage view will no longer reveal the codes. mount()
+        // does not run on hydrate, so a replayed snapshot never re-triggers this. The flag is
+        // valid only within [now-600s, now]: a stale flag (enrollment whose modal never opened)
+        // or a non-timestamp value reveals nothing.
+        $freshAt = session()->pull('2fa.codes_fresh');
+        $age = is_int($freshAt) ? now()->timestamp - $freshAt : null;
+        if ($age !== null && $age >= 0 && $age <= 600) {
+            $this->dispatchCodes();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Regenerate the current user's backup codes (invalidates the old set). */
+    public function regenerate(): void
+    {
+        Auth::user()->replaceRecoveryCodes();
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => 'two_factor.recovery_regenerate',
+            'target' => Auth::user()->email,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        // One-time download grant (a timestamp) for the freshly regenerated set, consumed by
+        // the download route within a short window. Without it a later direct hit 403s.
+        session()->put('2fa.download_grant', now()->timestamp);
+
+        // Reveal the freshly generated set once, via the transient event (never a property).
+        $this->dispatchCodes();
+
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('auth.recovery_regenerated'));
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.modals.recovery-codes');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deliver the current user's recovery codes to the browser via a one-time event. The
+     * codes never enter a Livewire property or the snapshot — Alpine holds them in JS memory
+     * only, so a replayed snapshot cannot re-render them.
+     */
+    protected function dispatchCodes(): void
+    {
+        $this->dispatch('reveal-codes', codes: Auth::user()->recoveryCodes());
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Modals/SshKeyProvision.php

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Modals;
+
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Services\SshKeyProvisioner;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Locked;
+use LivewireUI\Modal\ModalComponent;
+
+/**
+ * Confirm + run the safe "generate key → install → verify → switch credential → disable
+ * password login" flow (R5). On success the freshly generated private key is revealed ONCE
+ * (download client-side; it is never re-fetchable). The key is also kept encrypted in the vault.
+ */
+class SshKeyProvision extends ModalComponent
+{
+    #[Locked]
+    public int $serverId;
+
+    public string $serverName = '';
+
+    public bool $done = false;
+
+    public bool $ok = false;
+
+    public ?string $privateKey = null;
+
+    public ?string $publicKey = null;
+
+    public ?string $error = null;
+
+    public function mount(int $serverId): void
+    {
+        // Rotating to key-only access (installs a key, switches the credential, disables
+        // password login) over SSH is a fleet-admin action.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
+        $this->serverId = $serverId;
+        $this->serverName = Server::find($serverId)?->name ?? '';
+    }
+
+    public static function modalMaxWidth(): string
+    {
+        return 'lg';
+    }
+
+    public function run(SshKeyProvisioner $provisioner): void
+    {
+        // Re-gate on run: refuse a demoted user / hand-crafted /livewire/update after mount.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
+        if ($this->done) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $server = Server::find($this->serverId);
+        if (! $server) {
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $result = $provisioner->enableKeyOnlyAccess($server);
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            $this->done = true;
+            $this->ok = false;
+            $this->error = $e->getMessage();
+            // credentialChanged already triggers the FULL page reload on Show (key list +
+            // credential + security state) — no extra hardeningApplied needed.
+            $this->dispatch('credentialChanged');
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.ssh_key_provision.notify_failed'));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->done = true;
+        $this->ok = $result['ok'];
+        $this->privateKey = $result['privateKey'] ?? null;
+        $this->publicKey = $result['publicKey'] ?? null;
+        $this->error = $result['ok'] ? null : ($result['error'] ?? __('modals.ssh_key_provision.error_unknown'));
+
+        $this->dispatch('credentialChanged');
+
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: $this->ok
+            ? __('modals.ssh_key_provision.notify_ok', ['server' => $this->serverName])
+            : __('modals.ssh_key_provision.notify_failed'));
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.modals.ssh-key-provision');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Modals/SystemUpdate.php

@@ -42,11 +42,14 @@ class SystemUpdate extends ModalComponent
 
     public function mount(int $serverId, MaintenanceService $maintenance): void
     {
+        // Applying apt/dnf/zypper package updates on a managed host over SSH is a fleet-admin action.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
         $this->serverId = $serverId;
 
         $server = Server::find($serverId);
         if (! $server) {
-            $this->error = 'Server nicht gefunden.';
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -69,13 +72,16 @@ class SystemUpdate extends ModalComponent
 
     public function upgrade(MaintenanceService $maintenance): void
     {
+        // Re-gate on upgrade: refuse a demoted user / hand-crafted /livewire/update after mount.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
         if ($this->error !== null || $this->done || ! $this->supported) {
             return;
         }
 
         $server = Server::find($this->serverId);
         if (! $server) {
-            $this->error = 'Server nicht gefunden.';
+            $this->error = __('common.server_not_found');
 
             return;
         }
@@ -86,7 +92,7 @@ class SystemUpdate extends ModalComponent
             $this->done = true;
             $this->ok = false;
             $this->output = $e->getMessage();
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Aktualisierung fehlgeschlagen.');
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.system_update.notify_failed'));
 
             return;
         }
@@ -102,15 +108,15 @@ class SystemUpdate extends ModalComponent
             'server_id' => $server->id,
             'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
             'action' => 'system.package_upgrade',
-            'target' => $server->name.($this->ok ? '' : ' (fehlgeschlagen)'),
+            'target' => $server->name.($this->ok ? '' : ' '.__('modals.system_update.audit_failed_suffix')),
             'ip' => request()->ip(),
         ]);
 
         if ($this->ok) {
             $this->pending = 0;
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'System aktualisiert.');
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.system_update.notify_updated'));
         } else {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Aktualisierung fehlgeschlagen.');
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('modals.system_update.notify_failed'));
         }
     }
 

app/Livewire/Onboarding/Tour.php

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Onboarding;
+
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+/**
+ * First-run onboarding tour. Renders a dimmed spotlight overlay (the Alpine island in the view)
+ * that walks the operator through the panel. It auto-opens once — when the account has never
+ * dismissed it — and can be relaunched any time from Settings (a client-side window event, no
+ * server round-trip). `markSeen` stamps the account so it never auto-opens again.
+ */
+class Tour extends Component
+{
+    /** True on the first panel load for an account that has never finished/skipped the tour. */
+    public bool $autostart = false;
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        $this->autostart = Auth::user()?->onboarding_tour_completed_at === null;
+    }
+
+    /** Persist that the tour has been finished or skipped, so it won't auto-open again. */
+    public function markSeen(): void
+    {
+        $user = Auth::user();
+        if ($user !== null && $user->onboarding_tour_completed_at === null) {
+            $user->forceFill(['onboarding_tour_completed_at' => now()])->save();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The tour steps. A null `target` is a centred card (welcome / finish); a non-null `target`
+     * matches a `data-tour="…"` attribute on a sidebar nav item and is spotlighted.
+     *
+     * @return array<int, array<string, string|null>>
+     */
+    public function steps(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            ['target' => null, 'icon' => 'command', 'eyebrow' => __('onboarding.welcome_eyebrow'), 'title' => __('onboarding.welcome_title'), 'body' => __('onboarding.welcome_body')],
+            ['target' => 'dashboard', 'icon' => 'dashboard', 'eyebrow' => __('onboarding.dashboard_eyebrow'), 'title' => __('onboarding.dashboard_title'), 'body' => __('onboarding.dashboard_body')],
+            ['target' => 'servers', 'icon' => 'server', 'eyebrow' => __('onboarding.servers_eyebrow'), 'title' => __('onboarding.servers_title'), 'body' => __('onboarding.servers_body')],
+            ['target' => 'terminal', 'icon' => 'terminal', 'eyebrow' => __('onboarding.terminal_eyebrow'), 'title' => __('onboarding.terminal_title'), 'body' => __('onboarding.terminal_body')],
+            ['target' => 'settings', 'icon' => 'settings', 'eyebrow' => __('onboarding.settings_eyebrow'), 'title' => __('onboarding.settings_title'), 'body' => __('onboarding.settings_body')],
+            ['target' => null, 'icon' => 'shield', 'eyebrow' => __('onboarding.done_eyebrow'), 'title' => __('onboarding.done_title'), 'body' => __('onboarding.done_body')],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.onboarding.tour', ['steps' => $this->steps()]);
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Patch/Index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Patch;
+
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Services\MaintenanceService;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Component;
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * Fleet patch view: pending + security update counts per server, one-click patch. `operate`-gated
+ * (route + mount + per-method). Counts scan is lazy + per-server guarded. Applying upgrades is a
+ * stateful action → a signed ConfirmToken + R5 modal (the modal audits patch.apply from the sealed
+ * token; the handler does not re-audit). Targets resolve a client uuid → the sealed server id.
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Index extends Component
+{
+    /** @var array<string, array{pending:?int, security:?int}|array{error:string}> uuid → counts */
+    public array $counts = [];
+
+    /** @var array<string, array{ok:bool, output:string}> uuid → last patch result */
+    public array $results = [];
+
+    public bool $ready = false;
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+    }
+
+    public function title(): string
+    {
+        return __('patch.title');
+    }
+
+    private function gate(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+    }
+
+    public function scan(MaintenanceService $maint): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $this->counts = [];
+
+        foreach (Server::withActiveCredential()->orderBy('name')->get() as $server) {
+            try {
+                $this->counts[$server->uuid] = $maint->updateCounts($server);
+            } catch (Throwable $e) {
+                $this->counts[$server->uuid] = ['error' => $e->getMessage()];
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->ready = true;
+    }
+
+    public function patch(string $uuid): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $server = Server::withActiveCredential()->where('uuid', $uuid)->firstOrFail();
+        $c = $this->counts[$uuid] ?? [];
+        $pending = $c['pending'] ?? '?';
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('patch.confirm_heading'),
+                'body' => __('patch.confirm_body', ['server' => $server->name, 'count' => $pending]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('patch.apply'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'rotate',
+                'notify' => '', // the handler reports the outcome
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue('patchApply', ['uuid' => $server->uuid], 'patch.apply', $server->name, $server->id),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('patchApply')]
+    public function applyPatch(string $confirmToken, MaintenanceService $maint): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'patchApply');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed — the modal already audited patch.apply
+        }
+
+        $server = Server::where('uuid', $payload['params']['uuid'])->first();
+        if (! $server) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $res = $maint->applyUpgrades($server);
+        $res['output'] = mb_scrub($res['output'], 'UTF-8'); // remote output into a Livewire prop → scrub invalid bytes
+        $this->results[$server->uuid] = $res;
+
+        // Refresh this server's counts so the badge reflects the post-patch state.
+        try {
+            $this->counts[$server->uuid] = $maint->updateCounts($server);
+        } catch (Throwable) {
+            // keep the old counts if the re-scan fails
+        }
+
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: $res['ok']
+            ? __('patch.patched', ['server' => $server->name])
+            : __('patch.patch_failed', ['error' => $res['output']]));
+    }
+
+    public function render(): View
+    {
+        // Fleet roll-up (only over successfully-scanned servers).
+        $scored = array_filter($this->counts, fn ($c) => isset($c['pending']) && $c['pending'] !== null);
+        $totalPending = array_sum(array_map(fn ($c) => $c['pending'], $scored));
+        $totalSecurity = array_sum(array_map(fn ($c) => $c['security'] ?? 0, $scored));
+
+        return view('livewire.patch.index', [
+            'servers' => Server::withActiveCredential()->orderBy('name')->get(['uuid', 'name']),
+            'totalPending' => (int) $totalPending,
+            'totalSecurity' => (int) $totalSecurity,
+        ])->title($this->title());
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Posture/Index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Posture;
+
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Services\PostureService;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Component;
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * Fleet security-posture scoreboard. Scores each active-credential server from its hardening state
+ * (PostureService). Reading a server's posture exposes its hardening GAPS, so the page is
+ * `operate`-gated (route + mount). The scan is lazy (wire:init) and per-server guarded — one
+ * unreachable host shows an error row instead of blocking the whole scan.
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Index extends Component
+{
+    /** @var array<string, array<string, mixed>> server uuid → score result (or ['error' => msg]) */
+    public array $scores = [];
+
+    public bool $ready = false;
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+    }
+
+    public function title(): string
+    {
+        return __('posture.title');
+    }
+
+    public function scan(PostureService $posture): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
+        $this->scores = [];
+        foreach (Server::withActiveCredential()->orderBy('name')->get() as $server) {
+            try {
+                $this->scores[$server->uuid] = $posture->score($server);
+            } catch (Throwable $e) {
+                $this->scores[$server->uuid] = ['error' => $e->getMessage()];
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->ready = true;
+    }
+
+    public function render(): View
+    {
+        $scored = array_filter($this->scores, fn ($s) => isset($s['score']));
+        $avg = $scored !== [] ? (int) round(array_sum(array_column($scored, 'score')) / count($scored)) : null;
+
+        return view('livewire.posture.index', [
+            'servers' => Server::withActiveCredential()->orderBy('name')->get(['uuid', 'name']),
+            'average' => $avg,
+        ])->title($this->title());
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Release/Index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Release;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Services\PipelineStatus;
+use App\Services\PromotionService;
+use App\Services\ReleaseBridge;
+use App\Services\ReleasePlanner;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+/**
+ * Dev-only Release control. "Deploy to Staging" cuts a release candidate of an allowed target
+ * version via the host release bridge (bump → commit → tag → push to Gitea). The page is reachable only when
+ * config('clusev.release_controls') is true; mount() re-guards as defence-in-depth.
+ *
+ * Deploy-to-Staging is irreversible (it pushes a tag the host CI acts on), so it is gated behind the
+ * shared R5 wire-elements/modal confirm: a button calls confirmDeployStaging($target) → openConfirm,
+ * and applyDeployStaging consumes the sealed ConfirmToken and runs deployStaging(). deployStaging()
+ * stays the executor (the tests call it directly).
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Index extends Component
+{
+    /** The request id of an in-flight staging release; non-null drives the wire:poll. */
+    public ?string $pendingId = null;
+
+    /** Unix seconds when the request was issued, to time out a silent host. */
+    public ?int $pendingSince = null;
+
+    /** The target X.Y.Z being staged (for display while it runs). */
+    public ?string $pendingTarget = null;
+
+    /** The tag of the last successfully-pushed staging release candidate (shown until the next deploy). */
+    public ?string $lastTag = null;
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless((bool) config('clusev.release_controls'), 404);
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+    }
+
+    /** Opens the wire-elements/modal confirm dialog (R5) before cutting a staging release candidate of $target. */
+    public function confirmDeployStaging(string $target, ReleasePlanner $planner): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        if (! in_array($target, $planner->allowedTargets((string) config('clusev.version')), true)) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('release.invalid_target'), level: 'error');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->openConfirm('releaseStaged', ['target' => $target],
+            __('release.confirm_title'), __('release.confirm_body', ['target' => $target]),
+            __('release.confirm_action'), danger: true, icon: 'tag');
+    }
+
+    /** Apply handler — called after the ConfirmAction modal confirms the staging release. */
+    #[On('releaseStaged')]
+    public function applyDeployStaging(string $confirmToken, ReleasePlanner $planner, ReleaseBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'releaseStaged');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $target = (string) ($payload['params']['target'] ?? '');
+        if ($target === '') {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->deployStaging($target, $planner, $bridge);
+    }
+
+    /** Cut + push a release candidate of $target via the host bridge. $target must be one of the proposed values. */
+    public function deployStaging(string $target, ReleasePlanner $planner, ReleaseBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        if (! in_array($target, $planner->allowedTargets((string) config('clusev.version')), true)) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('release.invalid_target'), level: 'error');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $key = 'release-stage:'.Auth::id();
+        if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($key, 3)) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('release.throttled', ['seconds' => RateLimiter::availableIn($key)]), level: 'error');
+
+            return;
+        }
+        RateLimiter::hit($key, 600);
+
+        $id = $bridge->requestStaging($target);
+        if ($id === null) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('release.write_failed'), level: 'error');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->pendingId = $id;
+        $this->pendingSince = time();
+        $this->pendingTarget = $target;
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => 'deploy.staging_release',
+            'target' => '→ '.$target,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /** Poll the host result while a release runs (driven by wire:poll). Times out a silent host. */
+    public function pollResult(ReleaseBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        if ($this->pendingId === null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->pendingSince ??= time();
+
+        $res = $bridge->result($this->pendingId);
+        if ($res === null) {
+            if (time() - $this->pendingSince > 60) {
+                $this->reset(['pendingId', 'pendingSince', 'pendingTarget']);
+                $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('release.no_host_response'), level: 'error');
+            }
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ($res['ok']) {
+            $this->lastTag = (string) $res['tag'];
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('release.staged', ['tag' => (string) $res['tag']]));
+        } else {
+            AuditEvent::create([
+                'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+                'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+                'action' => 'deploy.staging_release_failed',
+                'target' => (string) ($this->pendingTarget ?? '').' ('.$res['message'].')',
+                'ip' => request()->ip(),
+            ]);
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('release.failed', ['reason' => $res['message']]), level: 'error');
+        }
+
+        $this->reset(['pendingId', 'pendingSince', 'pendingTarget']);
+    }
+
+    /** wire:poll target while the pipeline is in flight — drops the cached step results so the next
+     *  render re-fetches the live GitHub status. */
+    public function pollPipeline(PipelineStatus $pipeline): void
+    {
+        $pipeline->refresh();
+    }
+
+    /** The current in-flight release-candidate tag (vX.Y.Z-rcN), or null when the running version is stable. */
+    private function currentRcTag(): ?string
+    {
+        $v = (string) config('clusev.version');
+
+        return str_contains($v, '-rc') ? 'v'.ltrim($v, 'vV') : null;
+    }
+
+    /** Per-user throttle shared by all promotion dispatches (auto-expiring, never a lockout). */
+    private function throttlePromote(): bool
+    {
+        $key = 'promote:'.Auth::id();
+        if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($key, 5)) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('release.throttled', ['seconds' => RateLimiter::availableIn($key)]), level: 'error');
+
+            return false;
+        }
+        RateLimiter::hit($key, 600);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** Record a promotion outcome (action on success, action.'_failed' on failure). */
+    private function auditPromotion(string $action, string $target, bool $ok): void
+    {
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => $ok ? $action : $action.'_failed',
+            'target' => $target,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function confirmDeployPublic(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        $tag = $this->currentRcTag();
+        if ($tag === null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->openConfirm('releasePublic', ['tag' => $tag],
+            __('release.public_confirm_title'), __('release.public_confirm_body', ['tag' => $tag]),
+            __('release.public_action'), danger: false, icon: 'tag');
+    }
+
+    #[On('releasePublic')]
+    public function applyDeployPublic(string $confirmToken, PromotionService $promotion): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'releasePublic');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $tag = (string) ($payload['params']['tag'] ?? '');
+        if ($tag === '' || $this->currentRcTag() !== $tag || ! $this->throttlePromote()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $ok = $promotion->deployPublic($tag);
+        $this->auditPromotion('deploy.public', $tag, $ok);
+        $this->dispatch('notify',
+            message: $ok ? __('release.public_dispatched', ['tag' => $tag]) : __('release.promote_failed'),
+            level: $ok ? 'info' : 'error');
+    }
+
+    public function confirmYank(string $tag, PromotionService $promotion): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        if (! in_array($tag, $promotion->publicTags(), true)) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('release.yank_unknown'), level: 'error');
+
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->openConfirm('releaseYank', ['tag' => $tag],
+            __('release.yank_confirm_title'), __('release.yank_confirm_body', ['tag' => $tag]),
+            __('release.yank_action'), danger: true, icon: 'trash');
+    }
+
+    #[On('releaseYank')]
+    public function applyYank(string $confirmToken, PromotionService $promotion): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'releaseYank');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $tag = (string) ($payload['params']['tag'] ?? '');
+        if ($tag === '' || ! in_array($tag, $promotion->publicTags(), true) || ! $this->throttlePromote()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $ok = $promotion->yank($tag);
+        $this->auditPromotion('deploy.yank', $tag, $ok);
+        $this->dispatch('notify',
+            message: $ok ? __('release.yank_dispatched', ['tag' => $tag]) : __('release.promote_failed'),
+            level: $ok ? 'info' : 'error');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Open the shared ConfirmAction modal (R5) for the staging release. The issued token carries NO
+     * audit descriptor — applyDeployStaging → deployStaging audits exactly once itself.
+     *
+     * @param  array<string, string>  $params
+     */
+    private function openConfirm(string $event, array $params, string $heading, string $body, string $confirmLabel, bool $danger, string $icon): void
+    {
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => $heading,
+                'body' => $body,
+                'confirmLabel' => $confirmLabel,
+                'danger' => $danger,
+                'icon' => $icon,
+                'notify' => '',
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue($event, $params),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        $current = (string) config('clusev.version');
+
+        return view('livewire.release.index', [
+            'current' => $current,
+            'targets' => app(ReleasePlanner::class)->proposedTargets($current),
+            'pipeline' => app(PipelineStatus::class)->forTrackedRc(),
+            'publicTags' => app(PromotionService::class)->publicTags(),
+        ])->title(__('release.title'));
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/ServerSwitcher.php

@@ -18,7 +18,19 @@ class ServerSwitcher extends Component
 
         session(['active_server_id' => $server->id]);
 
-        $this->redirect($this->safeReturnUrl(), navigate: true);
+        $this->redirect($this->targetFor($server, $this->safeReturnUrl()), navigate: true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Where to land after selecting a server. On a server-details page, switching should
+     * VIEW the chosen server (so the URL, sidebar and scoped context never diverge);
+     * everywhere else just reload the current page so the active context updates.
+     */
+    public function targetFor(Server $server, string $current): string
+    {
+        return preg_match('#^/servers/[^/]+#', $current) === 1
+            ? route('servers.show', $server)
+            : $current;
     }
 
     /**

app/Livewire/Servers/Groups.php

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Servers;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Models\ServerGroup;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+/**
+ * Manage server groups (create / rename / recolour / delete + membership). Admin-only
+ * (manage-fleet, matching server create/delete): the route mw gates it AND every mutating
+ * method re-checks, since /livewire/update does not re-run route middleware. Every change is
+ * audited; deletion goes through the signed, single-use ConfirmToken + the R5 confirm modal.
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Groups extends Component
+{
+    /** New-group form. */
+    public string $name = '';
+
+    public string $color = 'accent';
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+    }
+
+    public function title(): string
+    {
+        return __('groups.title');
+    }
+
+    private function gate(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+    }
+
+    private function audit(string $action, string $target): void
+    {
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => $action,
+            'target' => $target,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function create(): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        $data = $this->validate([
+            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:60', Rule::unique('server_groups', 'name')],
+            'color' => ['required', Rule::in(ServerGroup::COLORS)],
+        ]);
+
+        $group = ServerGroup::create($data);
+        $this->audit('group.create', $group->name);
+        $this->reset('name');
+        $this->color = 'accent';
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('groups.created', ['name' => $group->name]));
+    }
+
+    public function rename(string $uuid, string $name): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $group = ServerGroup::where('uuid', $uuid)->firstOrFail();
+
+        $name = trim($name);
+        $validated = validator(
+            ['name' => $name],
+            ['name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:60', Rule::unique('server_groups', 'name')->ignore($group->id)]],
+        )->validate();
+
+        $group->update(['name' => $validated['name']]);
+        $this->audit('group.update', $group->name);
+    }
+
+    public function setColor(string $uuid, string $color): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        if (! in_array($color, ServerGroup::COLORS, true)) {
+            return; // saving() would coerce it anyway; refuse the bad token outright
+        }
+        $group = ServerGroup::where('uuid', $uuid)->firstOrFail();
+        $group->update(['color' => $color]);
+        $this->audit('group.update', $group->name);
+    }
+
+    /** Add or remove a server from a group (checkbox toggle in the assignment grid). */
+    public function toggleMember(string $groupUuid, string $serverUuid): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $group = ServerGroup::where('uuid', $groupUuid)->firstOrFail();
+        $server = Server::where('uuid', $serverUuid)->firstOrFail();
+
+        $group->servers()->toggle($server->id);
+        $this->audit('group.members', $group->name);
+    }
+
+    public function confirmDelete(string $uuid): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+        $group = ServerGroup::where('uuid', $uuid)->firstOrFail();
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('groups.delete_heading'),
+                'body' => __('groups.delete_body', ['name' => $group->name]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('common.delete'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'trash',
+                'notify' => __('groups.deleted', ['name' => $group->name]),
+                // The confirm modal writes the group.delete AuditEvent from this sealed descriptor,
+                // so deleteGroup() must NOT audit again (avoids a double row).
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue('groupConfirmed', ['uuid' => $group->uuid], 'group.delete', $group->name, null),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('groupConfirmed')]
+    public function deleteGroup(string $confirmToken): void
+    {
+        $this->gate();
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'groupConfirmed');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+
+        $group = ServerGroup::where('uuid', $payload['params']['uuid'])->first();
+        if (! $group) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // NOT audited here — the confirm modal already wrote group.delete from the sealed token.
+        $group->delete(); // pivot rows cascade; servers are untouched
+    }
+
+    public function render(): View
+    {
+        return view('livewire.servers.groups', [
+            'groups' => ServerGroup::withCount('servers')->with('servers:id,uuid')->orderBy('name')->get(),
+            'servers' => Server::orderBy('name')->get(['id', 'uuid', 'name']),
+            'colors' => ServerGroup::COLORS,
+        ])->title($this->title());
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Servers/Index.php

@@ -3,19 +3,29 @@
 namespace App\Livewire\Servers;
 
 use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Models\ServerGroup;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
 use Livewire\Attributes\On;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Url;
 use Livewire\Component;
 
 #[Layout('layouts.app')]
-#[Title('Server — Clusev')]
 class Index extends Component
 {
     /** Live search over name / IP. */
     public string $search = '';
 
+    /** Optional group filter (a ServerGroup uuid, shareable via the query string). */
+    #[Url]
+    public ?string $group = null;
+
+    /** Page <title>; localized at runtime (attributes can't call __()). */
+    public function title(): string
+    {
+        return __('servers.index_title');
+    }
+
     /** A freshly added server should appear without a manual reload (render() re-queries). */
     #[On('serverCreated')]
     public function refreshServers(): void
@@ -27,7 +37,11 @@ class Index extends Component
     {
         $term = trim($this->search);
 
+        // Resolve the group filter; an unknown/removed uuid falls back to "all" (never errors).
+        $activeGroup = $this->group ? ServerGroup::where('uuid', $this->group)->first() : null;
+
         $servers = Server::orderBy('name')
+            ->when($activeGroup, fn ($query) => $query->inGroup($activeGroup->id))
             ->when($term !== '', function ($query) use ($term) {
                 $query->where(function ($q) use ($term) {
                     $q->where('name', 'like', "%{$term}%")
@@ -44,10 +58,12 @@ class Index extends Component
 
         return view('livewire.servers.index', [
             'servers' => $servers,
+            'groups' => ServerGroup::withCount('servers')->orderBy('name')->get(),
+            'activeGroup' => $activeGroup,
             'total' => (int) $counts->sum(),
             'online' => (int) ($counts['online'] ?? 0),
             'warning' => (int) ($counts['warning'] ?? 0),
             'offline' => (int) ($counts['offline'] ?? 0),
-        ]);
+        ])->title($this->title());
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Servers/ServerDocker.php

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Servers;
+
+use App\Exceptions\DockerNotInstalled;
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Services\DockerService;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use InvalidArgumentException;
+use Livewire\Component;
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * Per-server container management, rendered as the "Docker" tab of the server-details page (the
+ * sidebar Docker page targets the Clusev host instead). Viewing the list is open to any role;
+ * actions (start/stop/restart) require `operate`, matching systemd service gating. Loads lazily.
+ */
+class ServerDocker extends Component
+{
+    public Server $server;
+
+    /** @var array<int, array<string, string>> */
+    public array $containers = [];
+
+    public bool $connected = false;
+
+    public bool $ready = false;
+
+    /** Docker binary absent on the server (e.g. a native mail server) — honest state, not an error. */
+    public bool $notInstalled = false;
+
+    /** The docker error (daemon down / permission / rootless), surfaced so "empty" isn't misleading. */
+    public ?string $error = null;
+
+    public function load(DockerService $docker): void
+    {
+        $this->containers = [];
+        $this->connected = false;
+        $this->notInstalled = false;
+        $this->error = null;
+
+        // credential_exists is a withExists() query attribute that does NOT survive Livewire model
+        // hydration, so check the relation directly here.
+        if ($this->server->credential()->exists()) {
+            try {
+                // ONE SSH round-trip: a missing docker binary throws DockerNotInstalled (derived from
+                // the docker ps call), so no separate available() probe is needed.
+                $this->containers = $docker->containers($this->server);
+                $this->connected = true;
+            } catch (DockerNotInstalled) {
+                $this->notInstalled = true;
+            } catch (Throwable $e) {
+                $this->connected = false;
+                $this->error = mb_scrub(mb_strcut($e->getMessage(), 0, 300), 'UTF-8');
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->ready = true;
+    }
+
+    public function action(string $id, string $op, DockerService $docker): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
+        if (! $this->server->credential()->exists()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $res = $docker->containerAction($this->server, $id, $op);
+            AuditEvent::create([
+                'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+                'server_id' => $this->server->id,
+                'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+                'action' => 'docker.action',
+                'target' => "{$op} {$id} · {$this->server->name}",
+                'ip' => request()->ip(),
+            ]);
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: $res['ok']
+                ? __('docker.action_ok', ['op' => $op, 'ref' => $id])
+                : __('docker.action_failed', ['error' => $res['output']]));
+        } catch (InvalidArgumentException) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('docker.invalid_ref'));
+        }
+
+        $this->load($docker);
+    }
+
+    /** Open the read-only logs modal for a container on this server (ref re-validated in DockerService). */
+    public function viewLogs(string $id, string $name = ''): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal', component: 'modals.container-logs', arguments: [
+            'serverId' => (int) $this->server->id,
+            'ref' => $id,
+            'name' => $name,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.servers.server-docker');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Servers/ServerTerminal.php

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Servers;
+
+use App\Models\Server;
+use App\Models\TerminalSession;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+/**
+ * Per-server web terminal, rendered as the "Terminal" tab of the server-details page (the sidebar
+ * Terminal page is the Clusev HOST shell instead). Mints a single-use token that the xterm.js island
+ * uses to open a WebSocket to the terminal sidecar; this component never touches SSH or credentials.
+ * A server shell is a day-to-day operator action (the host shell is the admin-only sidebar page).
+ */
+class ServerTerminal extends Component
+{
+    public Server $server;
+
+    /** Mint a single-use token for this server and hand it to the xterm island via an event. */
+    public function open(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
+        $token = Str::random(48);
+        TerminalSession::create([
+            'token' => $token,
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'kind' => 'server',
+            'server_id' => $this->server->id,
+            'expires_at' => now()->addSeconds(60),
+            'created_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->dispatch('terminal-open', token: $token, title: $this->server->name);
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.servers.server-terminal');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Servers/Show.php

@@ -8,22 +8,33 @@ use App\Services\Fail2banService;
 use App\Services\FirewallService;
 use App\Services\FleetService;
 use App\Services\HardeningService;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
 use App\Support\Os\OsDetector;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
 use Livewire\Attributes\On;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Url;
 use Livewire\Component;
 use Throwable;
 
 #[Layout('layouts.app')]
-#[Title('Server-Details — Clusev')]
 class Show extends Component
 {
     /** Route-model-bound by uuid (R11). */
     public Server $server;
 
+    /** Active detail tab: 'overview' | 'docker' | 'terminal' (deep-linkable via ?tab=). */
+    #[Url]
+    public string $tab = 'overview';
+
+    /** Page <title>; localized at runtime (attributes can't call __()). */
+    public function title(): string
+    {
+        return __('servers.show_title');
+    }
+
     public bool $connected = false;
 
     public bool $ready = false;
@@ -57,6 +68,13 @@ class Show extends Component
      */
     public function mount(): void
     {
+        // Viewing a server's details makes it the ACTIVE server, so the sidebar switcher
+        // (and the scoped sections) reflect the server on screen. Set ONLY at mount — i.e.
+        // once per deliberate navigation — so a slow in-flight load() or a parallel tab
+        // can never write a stale value over a newer selection (the single-session active
+        // server is last-writer-wins; we keep writes to deliberate navigations only).
+        session(['active_server_id' => $this->server->id]);
+
         // identity + gauges render from the persisted row immediately;
         // the live snapshot loads lazily via wire:init -> load().
     }
@@ -143,6 +161,10 @@ class Show extends Component
     /** Refresh the live gauges from the poller-updated row (wire:poll). */
     public function pollMetrics(): void
     {
+        // Only the Übersicht tab shows live metrics; skip the refresh/re-render on Docker/Terminal.
+        if ($this->tab !== 'overview') {
+            return;
+        }
         $this->server->refresh();
     }
 
@@ -152,6 +174,8 @@ class Show extends Component
      */
     public function confirmKeyRemoval(int $index): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
         $key = $this->sshKeys[$index] ?? null;
         if ($key === null) {
             return;
@@ -163,29 +187,45 @@ class Show extends Component
         $this->dispatch('openModal',
             component: 'modals.confirm-action',
             arguments: [
-                'heading' => 'SSH-Schlüssel entfernen',
-                'body' => "Der Schlüssel „{$comment}“ verliert den Zugang zu {$this->server->name}.",
-                'confirmLabel' => 'Entfernen',
+                'heading' => __('servers.confirm_remove_key_heading'),
+                'body' => __('servers.confirm_remove_key_body', ['name' => $comment, 'server' => $this->server->name]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('common.remove'),
                 'danger' => true,
                 'icon' => 'trash',
-                'auditAction' => 'ssh_key.remove',
-                'auditTarget' => "{$comment} · {$this->server->name}",
-                'serverId' => $this->server->id,
-                'event' => 'keyRemoved',
-                'params' => ['fingerprint' => $fingerprint],
-                'notify' => "Schlüssel „{$comment}“ entfernt.",
+                'notify' => __('servers.notify_key_removed', ['name' => $comment]),
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'keyRemoved',
+                    ['fingerprint' => $fingerprint],
+                    'ssh_key.remove',
+                    "{$comment} · {$this->server->name}",
+                    $this->server->id,
+                ),
             ],
         );
     }
 
     /** Applies the confirmed key removal over SSH, then reloads the list. */
     #[On('keyRemoved')]
-    public function removeKey(string $fingerprint, FleetService $fleet): void
+    public function removeKey(string $confirmToken, FleetService $fleet): void
     {
+        // Re-gate on consume: ConfirmToken is uid-bound, not role-bound, so a token issued
+        // while the user could manage the fleet must still be refused after a demotion.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'keyRemoved');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+        if (($payload['serverId'] ?? null) !== $this->server->id) {
+            return; // token sealed for a different server — refuse to retarget
+        }
+        $fingerprint = $payload['params']['fingerprint'];
+
         try {
             $fleet->removeAuthorizedKey($this->server, $fingerprint);
         } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Entfernen fehlgeschlagen: '.$e->getMessage());
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_remove_failed', ['error' => $e->getMessage()]));
 
             return;
         }
@@ -228,6 +268,8 @@ class Show extends Component
      */
     public function toggleCredential(): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
         $cred = $this->server->credential;
         if (! $cred) {
             return;
@@ -246,7 +288,7 @@ class Show extends Component
         ]);
 
         $this->server->refresh();
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: $disable ? 'Zugang gesperrt.' : 'Zugang entsperrt.');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: $disable ? __('servers.notify_access_locked') : __('servers.notify_access_unlocked'));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -255,6 +297,8 @@ class Show extends Component
      */
     public function confirmDeleteCredential(): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
         $cred = $this->server->credential;
         if (! $cred) {
             return;
@@ -263,25 +307,40 @@ class Show extends Component
         $this->dispatch('openModal',
             component: 'modals.confirm-action',
             arguments: [
-                'heading' => 'Zugang löschen',
-                'body' => "Der hinterlegte SSH-Zugang für {$this->server->name} wird unwiderruflich entfernt. Live-Steuerung ist danach nicht mehr möglich.",
-                'confirmLabel' => 'Löschen',
+                'heading' => __('servers.confirm_delete_credential_heading'),
+                'body' => __('servers.confirm_delete_credential_body', ['server' => $this->server->name]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('common.delete'),
                 'danger' => true,
                 'icon' => 'trash',
-                'auditAction' => 'credential.delete',
-                'auditTarget' => $this->server->name.' · '.$cred->username,
-                'serverId' => $this->server->id,
-                'event' => 'credentialDeleted',
-                'params' => [],
-                'notify' => 'Zugang gelöscht.',
+                'notify' => __('servers.notify_access_deleted'),
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'credentialDeleted',
+                    [],
+                    'credential.delete',
+                    $this->server->name.' · '.$cred->username,
+                    $this->server->id,
+                ),
             ],
         );
     }
 
     /** Applies the confirmed credential deletion, then refreshes the row. */
     #[On('credentialDeleted')]
-    public function deleteCredential(): void
+    public function deleteCredential(string $confirmToken): void
     {
+        // Re-gate on consume: ConfirmToken is uid-bound, not role-bound, so a token issued
+        // while the user could manage the fleet must still be refused after a demotion.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'credentialDeleted');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+        if (($payload['serverId'] ?? null) !== $this->server->id) {
+            return; // token sealed for a different server — refuse to retarget
+        }
+
         $this->server->credential()->delete();
         $this->server->refresh();
     }
@@ -291,11 +350,45 @@ class Show extends Component
      * checklist + firewall row reflect the new state.
      */
     #[On('hardeningApplied')]
-    public function reloadSnapshot(FleetService $fleet): void
+    public function reloadSnapshot(): void
     {
+        // A hardening/fail2ban toggle changes only the SECURITY reads. Re-probe the OS profile
+        // (a firewall "Aktivieren" may have just INSTALLED the tool the panels key off) and
+        // re-read the three security states — but keep the page rendered (no skeleton flip)
+        // and skip the full metrics/volumes/keys snapshot: that halves the SSH round-trips
+        // and the operator sees the page update in place instead of a long blank reload.
+        // The Sicherheit/Firewall panels show a wire:loading cue targeting this method.
         $this->server->refresh();
-        $this->ready = false;
-        $this->load($fleet);
+
+        try {
+            $profile = app(OsDetector::class)->detect($this->server, fresh: true);
+            $this->os = [
+                'familyLabel' => $profile->familyLabel(),
+                'packageManager' => $profile->packageManager,
+                'firewallTool' => $profile->firewallTool,
+                'serviceManager' => $profile->serviceManager,
+            ];
+        } catch (Throwable) {
+            // keep the current profile on failure
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $this->hardening = app(HardeningService::class)->state($this->server);
+        } catch (Throwable) {
+            $this->hardening = [];
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $this->firewall = app(FirewallService::class)->status($this->server);
+        } catch (Throwable) {
+            $this->firewall = [];
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $this->fail2ban = app(Fail2banService::class)->status($this->server);
+        } catch (Throwable) {
+            $this->fail2ban = [];
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -304,6 +397,8 @@ class Show extends Component
      */
     public function confirmDeleteRule(int $index): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
         $rule = $this->firewall['rules'][$index] ?? null;
         if ($rule === null) {
             return;
@@ -314,42 +409,60 @@ class Show extends Component
         $this->dispatch('openModal',
             component: 'modals.confirm-action',
             arguments: [
-                'heading' => 'Firewall-Regel entfernen',
-                'body' => "Die Regel „{$label}“ wird aus der Firewall von {$this->server->name} entfernt.",
-                'confirmLabel' => 'Entfernen',
+                'heading' => __('servers.confirm_remove_rule_heading'),
+                'body' => __('servers.confirm_remove_rule_body', ['label' => $label, 'server' => $this->server->name]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('common.remove'),
                 'danger' => true,
                 'icon' => 'trash',
                 // No premature audit/notify — the handler records the real outcome
                 // only after the remote command returns (audit reflects success).
-                'event' => 'firewallRuleDelete',
-                'params' => ['spec' => $spec, 'label' => $label],
                 'notify' => '',
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'firewallRuleDelete',
+                    ['spec' => $spec, 'label' => $label],
+                    serverId: $this->server->id,
+                ),
             ],
         );
     }
 
     /** Applies the confirmed rule deletion over SSH, then audits + reloads on success. */
     #[On('firewallRuleDelete')]
-    public function deleteFirewallRule(string $spec, string $label, FirewallService $firewall): void
+    public function deleteFirewallRule(string $confirmToken, FirewallService $firewall): void
     {
+        // Re-gate on consume: ConfirmToken is uid-bound, not role-bound, so a token issued
+        // while the user could manage the network must still be refused after a demotion.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'firewallRuleDelete');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+        if (($payload['serverId'] ?? null) !== $this->server->id) {
+            return; // token sealed for a different server — refuse to retarget
+        }
+        $spec = $payload['params']['spec'];
+        $label = $payload['params']['label'];
+
         try {
             $res = $firewall->deleteRule($this->server, $spec);
         } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Entfernen fehlgeschlagen: '.Str::limit($e->getMessage(), 90));
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_remove_failed', ['error' => Str::limit($e->getMessage(), 90)]));
 
             return;
         }
 
         // The rule was already gone — inform, refresh, but do NOT audit a non-event.
         if (! empty($res['notFound'])) {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Regel existiert nicht mehr.');
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_rule_not_found'));
             $this->reloadFirewall($firewall);
 
             return;
         }
 
         if (! $res['ok']) {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Entfernen fehlgeschlagen: '.Str::limit($res['output'] ?: 'unbekannt', 90));
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_remove_failed', ['error' => Str::limit($res['output'] ?: __('servers.error_unknown'), 90)]));
 
             return;
         }
@@ -363,7 +476,7 @@ class Show extends Component
             'ip' => request()->ip(),
         ]);
 
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Firewall-Regel entfernt.');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_firewall_rule_removed'));
         $this->reloadFirewall($firewall);
     }
 
@@ -381,27 +494,31 @@ class Show extends Component
     /** Unban a fail2ban IP — recovery action, so a direct (audited) click, no R5 modal. */
     public function unbanIp(string $jail, string $ip, Fail2banService $fail2ban): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
         try {
             $res = $fail2ban->unban($this->server, $jail, $ip);
         } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Entsperren fehlgeschlagen: '.Str::limit($e->getMessage(), 90));
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_unban_failed', ['error' => Str::limit($e->getMessage(), 90)]));
 
             return;
         }
         if (! $res['ok']) {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Entsperren fehlgeschlagen: '.Str::limit($res['output'] ?: 'unbekannt', 90));
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_unban_failed', ['error' => Str::limit($res['output'] ?: __('servers.error_unknown'), 90)]));
 
             return;
         }
 
         $this->audit('fail2ban.unban', $ip.' · '.$jail.' · '.$this->server->name);
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: "IP {$ip} entsperrt.");
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_ip_unbanned', ['ip' => $ip]));
         $this->reloadFail2ban($fail2ban);
     }
 
     /** Add an IP/CIDR to the fail2ban whitelist (ignoreip) — non-destructive, direct + audited. */
     public function addIgnore(Fail2banService $fail2ban): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
         $ip = trim($this->newIgnoreIp);
         if ($ip === '') {
             return;
@@ -410,12 +527,12 @@ class Show extends Component
         try {
             $res = $fail2ban->addIgnoreIp($this->server, $ip);
         } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Whitelist: '.Str::limit($e->getMessage(), 90));
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_whitelist_error', ['error' => Str::limit($e->getMessage(), 90)]));
 
             return;
         }
         if (! $res['ok']) {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Whitelist: '.Str::limit($res['output'] ?: 'fehlgeschlagen', 90));
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_whitelist_error', ['error' => Str::limit($res['output'] ?: __('servers.error_failed'), 90)]));
 
             return;
         }
@@ -428,22 +545,24 @@ class Show extends Component
 
         $this->audit('fail2ban.ignoreip_add', $ip.' · '.$this->server->name);
         $this->newIgnoreIp = '';
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: "{$ip} zur Whitelist hinzugefügt.");
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_ip_whitelisted', ['ip' => $ip]));
         $this->reloadFail2ban($fail2ban);
     }
 
     /** Remove an IP/CIDR from the fail2ban whitelist — direct + audited (loopback is refused by the service). */
     public function removeIgnore(string $ip, Fail2banService $fail2ban): void
     {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
         try {
             $res = $fail2ban->removeIgnoreIp($this->server, $ip);
         } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Whitelist: '.Str::limit($e->getMessage(), 90));
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_whitelist_error', ['error' => Str::limit($e->getMessage(), 90)]));
 
             return;
         }
         if (! $res['ok']) {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Whitelist: '.Str::limit($res['output'] ?: 'fehlgeschlagen', 90));
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_whitelist_error', ['error' => Str::limit($res['output'] ?: __('servers.error_failed'), 90)]));
 
             return;
         }
@@ -454,7 +573,7 @@ class Show extends Component
         }
 
         $this->audit('fail2ban.ignoreip_remove', $ip.' · '.$this->server->name);
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: "{$ip} von der Whitelist entfernt.");
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('servers.notify_ip_unwhitelisted', ['ip' => $ip]));
         $this->reloadFail2ban($fail2ban);
     }
 
@@ -484,6 +603,6 @@ class Show extends Component
 
     public function render()
     {
-        return view('livewire.servers.show');
+        return view('livewire.servers.show')->title($this->title());
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Services/Index.php

@@ -3,20 +3,23 @@
 namespace App\Livewire\Services;
 
 use App\Livewire\Concerns\WithFleetContext;
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
 use App\Services\FleetService;
-use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
 use Livewire\Attributes\On;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
 use Livewire\Component;
 use Throwable;
 
 #[Layout('layouts.app')]
-#[Title('Dienste — Clusev')]
 class Index extends Component
 {
     use WithFleetContext;
 
+    /** Cap on retained journal rows so the live poll never grows the payload unbounded. */
+    private const JOURNAL_MAX = 200;
+
     /** Active server name (from fleet context). */
     public string $server = '—';
 
@@ -33,6 +36,9 @@ class Index extends Component
     /** @var array<int, array{time:string,unit:string,level:string,text:string}> */
     public array $journal = [];
 
+    /** journald cursor to resume the live poll from (null until the first read). */
+    public ?string $journalCursor = null;
+
     public function mount(): void
     {
         $this->server = $this->activeServer()?->name ?? '—';
@@ -48,6 +54,7 @@ class Index extends Component
                 $data = $fleet->systemd($active);
                 $this->services = $data['services'];
                 $this->journal = $data['journal'];
+                $this->journalCursor = $data['cursor'] ?? null;
                 $this->connected = true;
             } catch (Throwable) {
                 $this->connected = false;
@@ -58,61 +65,128 @@ class Index extends Component
     }
 
     /**
-     * Service control (R5): opens the wire-elements/modal confirm dialog. The
-     * modal writes the AuditEvent and re-dispatches `serviceConfirmed`, which
-     * applyService() handles. SSH exec (systemctl) is wired in behind this later.
+     * Live journal: poll for entries since the last cursor and APPEND them, so no line
+     * is dropped between ticks (a true `journalctl -f` stream needs a PTY — deferred to
+     * the web terminal). Caps the retained rows and survives a transient SSH hiccup.
      */
-    public function confirm(string $op, int $index): void
+    public function pollJournal(FleetService $fleet): void
     {
-        $name = $this->filteredServices[$index]['name'] ?? null;
-        if ($name === null) {
+        if (! $this->ready || ! $this->connected) {
             return;
         }
 
-        [$heading, $phrase, $label, $action, $icon] = match ($op) {
-            'start' => ['Dienst starten', 'wird gestartet', 'Starten', 'service.start', 'power'],
-            'stop' => ['Dienst stoppen', 'wird gestoppt', 'Stoppen', 'service.stop', 'power'],
-            default => ['Dienst neu starten', 'wird neu gestartet', 'Neu starten', 'service.restart', 'rotate'],
-        };
-
-        $this->dispatch('openModal',
-            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
-            arguments: [
-                'heading' => $heading,
-                'body' => "{$name} {$phrase}. Ausgeführt über systemctl auf {$this->server}.",
-                'confirmLabel' => $label,
-                'danger' => $op === 'stop',
-                'icon' => $icon,
-                'auditAction' => $action,
-                'auditTarget' => "{$name} · {$this->server}",
-                'event' => 'serviceConfirmed',
-                'params' => ['op' => $op, 'name' => $name],
-                'notify' => "{$name}: {$label} ausgeführt.",
-            ],
-        );
-    }
-
-    /** Performs the confirmed systemctl action over SSH, then reloads real state. */
-    #[On('serviceConfirmed')]
-    public function applyService(string $op, string $name, FleetService $fleet): void
-    {
         $active = $this->activeServer();
 
         if (! $active || ! $active->credential_exists) {
             return;
         }
 
+        try {
+            // Fetch ceiling == display ceiling: never under-fill, never carry more than we show.
+            $data = $fleet->journalSince($active, $this->journalCursor, self::JOURNAL_MAX);
+        } catch (Throwable) {
+            return; // keep the current view; retry on the next tick
+        }
+
+        if ($data['journal'] !== []) {
+            $this->journal = array_slice(
+                array_merge($this->journal, $data['journal']),
+                -self::JOURNAL_MAX
+            );
+        }
+
+        $this->journalCursor = $data['cursor'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Service control (R5): opens the wire-elements/modal confirm dialog. The
+     * modal writes the AuditEvent and re-dispatches `serviceConfirmed`, which
+     * applyService() handles. SSH exec (systemctl) is wired in behind this later.
+     */
+    public function confirm(string $op, int $index): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
+        $name = $this->filteredServices[$index]['name'] ?? null;
+        if ($name === null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        [$heading, $phrase, $label, $action, $icon] = match ($op) {
+            'start' => [__('services.confirm_start_heading'), __('services.confirm_start_phrase'), __('services.confirm_start_label'), 'service.start', 'power'],
+            'stop' => [__('services.confirm_stop_heading'), __('services.confirm_stop_phrase'), __('services.confirm_stop_label'), 'service.stop', 'power'],
+            default => [__('services.confirm_restart_heading'), __('services.confirm_restart_phrase'), __('services.confirm_restart_label'), 'service.restart', 'rotate'],
+        };
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => $heading,
+                'body' => __('services.confirm_body', ['name' => $name, 'phrase' => $phrase, 'server' => $this->server]),
+                'confirmLabel' => $label,
+                'danger' => $op === 'stop',
+                'icon' => $icon,
+                'notify' => __('services.confirm_notify', ['name' => $name, 'label' => $label]),
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'serviceConfirmed',
+                    ['op' => $op, 'name' => $name],
+                    $action,
+                    "{$name} · {$this->server}",
+                    $this->activeServer()?->id,
+                ),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    /** Performs the confirmed systemctl action over SSH, then reloads real state. */
+    #[On('serviceConfirmed')]
+    public function applyService(string $confirmToken, FleetService $fleet): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('operate'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'serviceConfirmed');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+        $op = $payload['params']['op'];
+        $name = $payload['params']['name'];
+
+        $active = $this->activeServer();
+
+        if (! $active || ($payload['serverId'] ?? null) !== $active->id || ! $active->credential_exists) {
+            return; // wrong/absent server (retarget attempt) or no credential — no-op
+        }
+
         try {
             $res = $fleet->serviceAction($active, $op, $name);
         } catch (Throwable $e) {
-            $this->dispatch('notify', message: "{$name}: ".$e->getMessage());
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('services.action_error', ['name' => $name, 'error' => $e->getMessage()]));
 
             return;
         }
 
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: $res['ok']
-            ? "{$name}: {$op} ausgeführt."
-            : "{$name}: fehlgeschlagen — ".Str::limit($res['output'] ?: 'keine Rechte', 90));
+        if ($res['ok']) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('services.action_done', ['name' => $name, 'op' => $op]));
+        } else {
+            // A toast is ephemeral and truncated — persist the FULL failure reason so the operator
+            // can re-read WHY a start failed (e.g. a service that crashes on launch). The confirm
+            // modal already logged the neutral attempt (service.<op>); this red entry records the
+            // outcome with the complete systemctl output in meta, shown expandable in the audit log.
+            AuditEvent::create([
+                'user_id' => auth()->id(),
+                'server_id' => $active->id,
+                'actor' => auth()->user()?->name ?? 'system',
+                'action' => 'service.'.$op.'.failed',
+                'target' => $name.' · '.$active->name,
+                'ip' => request()->ip(),
+                'meta' => ['output' => mb_substr(mb_scrub(trim((string) ($res['output'] ?: __('services.no_permission')))), 0, 4000)],
+            ]);
+
+            $this->dispatch('notify',
+                message: __('services.action_failed_short', ['name' => $name]),
+                level: 'error');
+        }
 
         try {
             $this->services = $fleet->systemd($active)['services'];
@@ -139,6 +213,6 @@ class Index extends Component
 
     public function render()
     {
-        return view('livewire.services.index');
+        return view('livewire.services.index')->title(__('services.title'));
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Settings/Email.php

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Settings;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\Setting;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Crypt;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Livewire\Component;
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * SMTP configuration card. The operator points the panel at an SMTP server so
+ * password-reset mails (and future notifications) actually leave the box. Values
+ * are stored as Setting rows and applied to runtime config by AppServiceProvider::boot().
+ *
+ * The SMTP password is the one secret here: it is stored ENCRYPTED at rest
+ * (Crypt::encryptString, APP_KEY) — Setting::put stores plaintext, so we encrypt the
+ * value ourselves — never rendered back to the browser, and never logged/echoed
+ * (any error from the test-send is shown without the password).
+ */
+class Email extends Component
+{
+    public string $mail_host = '';
+
+    public int $mail_port = 587;
+
+    public string $mail_username = '';
+
+    /** New password typed in the form. Empty = keep the stored one (never pre-filled). */
+    public string $mail_password = '';
+
+    public string $mail_encryption = 'tls';
+
+    public string $mail_from_address = '';
+
+    public string $mail_from_name = '';
+
+    /** True once a password has been stored, so the field shows a "(set)" placeholder. */
+    public bool $passwordSet = false;
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        $this->mail_host = Setting::get('mail_host', '') ?? '';
+        $this->mail_port = (int) (Setting::get('mail_port', '587') ?? 587);
+        $this->mail_username = Setting::get('mail_username', '') ?? '';
+        $this->mail_encryption = Setting::get('mail_encryption', 'tls') ?? 'tls';
+        $this->mail_from_address = Setting::get('mail_from_address', '') ?? '';
+        $this->mail_from_name = Setting::get('mail_from_name', '') ?? '';
+        $this->passwordSet = (Setting::get('mail_password') ?? '') !== '';
+    }
+
+    protected function rules(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'mail_host' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
+            'mail_port' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:1', 'max:65535'],
+            'mail_username' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:255'],
+            'mail_password' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:255'],
+            'mail_encryption' => ['required', 'in:none,tls,ssl'],
+            'mail_from_address' => ['required', 'email', 'max:255'],
+            'mail_from_name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function save(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        $this->validate();
+
+        // Retarget guard: if the SMTP HOST or USERNAME changes and no new password was entered, DROP
+        // the stored password BEFORE the new host is written — so the old credential can never be
+        // sent to a new (possibly attacker-controlled) SMTP server; re-entry is then required. Same
+        // class as the alert Gotify token guard. uncached() reads the committed state (no stale cache).
+        $targetChanged = $this->mail_host !== (string) Setting::uncached('mail_host', '')
+            || $this->mail_username !== (string) Setting::uncached('mail_username', '');
+        if ($targetChanged) {
+            // Drop the old password BEFORE any target field is written — regardless of whether a
+            // fresh one was typed — so no concurrent MailSettings::apply() can ever read the new
+            // host paired with the old password. A freshly typed password is re-written below.
+            Setting::forget('mail_password');
+            $this->passwordSet = false;
+        }
+
+        Setting::put('mail_host', $this->mail_host);
+        Setting::put('mail_port', (string) $this->mail_port);
+        Setting::put('mail_username', $this->mail_username);
+        Setting::put('mail_encryption', $this->mail_encryption);
+        Setting::put('mail_from_address', $this->mail_from_address);
+        Setting::put('mail_from_name', $this->mail_from_name);
+
+        // Only overwrite the stored password when a new one was typed; otherwise keep
+        // the existing (encrypted) value untouched. Store encrypted at rest.
+        if ($this->mail_password !== '') {
+            Setting::put('mail_password', Crypt::encryptString($this->mail_password));
+            $this->passwordSet = true;
+        }
+
+        $this->reset('mail_password');
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()->name,
+            'action' => 'mail.configure',
+            'target' => $this->mail_host,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('mail.notify_saved'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fully clear the SMTP configuration — removes every mail_* setting (incl. the encrypted
+     * password) so the panel reverts to the safe default (log) mailer. Reversible: just reconfigure.
+     */
+    public function clearConfig(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+
+        foreach (['mail_host', 'mail_port', 'mail_username', 'mail_password', 'mail_encryption', 'mail_from_address', 'mail_from_name'] as $key) {
+            Setting::forget($key);
+        }
+
+        $this->mail_host = '';
+        $this->mail_port = 587;
+        $this->mail_username = '';
+        $this->mail_password = '';
+        $this->mail_encryption = 'tls';
+        $this->mail_from_address = '';
+        $this->mail_from_name = '';
+        $this->passwordSet = false;
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()->name,
+            'action' => 'mail.reset',
+            'target' => '—',
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('mail.notify_reset'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send a one-line test mail to the CURRENT user's own address, using a mailer built
+     * from the saved settings. Never targets anyone else; never leaks the password — any
+     * transport error is surfaced as a message with the secret masked out.
+     */
+    public function sendTest(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+
+        if (! $this->configured()) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('mail.notify_test_failed', ['error' => __('mail.not_configured')]));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Throttle test-sends so the panel can't be turned into a spam/mail-bomb relay.
+        // Per-user + auto-expiring: only ever limits the operator's own test button briefly.
+        $key = 'mail-test:'.Auth::id();
+        if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($key, 3)) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('mail.notify_test_throttled', ['seconds' => RateLimiter::availableIn($key)]), level: 'error');
+
+            return;
+        }
+        RateLimiter::hit($key, 600); // 3 test e-mails / 10 minutes per user
+
+        // Retarget guard: never test-send the STORED password against a host/username the operator
+        // just changed in the form but hasn't saved — that could leak the old credential to a new
+        // (possibly hostile) server. Require the password to be re-entered for a changed target.
+        if ($this->mail_password === ''
+            && ($this->mail_host !== (string) Setting::uncached('mail_host', '')
+                || $this->mail_username !== (string) Setting::uncached('mail_username', ''))) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('mail.notify_test_failed', ['error' => __('mail.test_retarget_password_required')]), level: 'error');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $to = Auth::user()->email;
+
+        try {
+            $this->applyMailerConfig();
+
+            Mail::raw(__('mail.test_body'), function ($message) use ($to) {
+                $message->to($to)->subject(__('mail.test_subject'));
+            });
+
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('mail.notify_test_ok', ['email' => $to]));
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('mail.notify_test_failed', [
+                'error' => $this->maskSecret(Str::limit($e->getMessage(), 160)),
+            ]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Host + from-address present — the minimum to actually send. */
+    public function configured(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->mail_host !== '' && $this->mail_from_address !== '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply the saved SMTP settings to runtime config for the duration of this request,
+     * so the test-send uses exactly what the operator configured (decrypting the stored
+     * password). Mirrors AppServiceProvider's runtime override.
+     */
+    private function applyMailerConfig(): void
+    {
+        // Prefer a FRESHLY typed password (test-before-save); fall back to the stored one only when
+        // the field is blank — and the sendTest() retarget guard has already ensured that fallback
+        // is used only when host+username are unchanged from what the stored password was set for.
+        $password = '';
+        if ($this->mail_password !== '') {
+            $password = $this->mail_password;
+        } else {
+            $stored = Setting::uncached('mail_password');
+            if ($stored !== null && $stored !== '') {
+                try {
+                    $password = Crypt::decryptString($stored);
+                } catch (Throwable) {
+                    $password = '';
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        config([
+            'mail.default' => 'smtp',
+            'mail.mailers.smtp.host' => $this->mail_host,
+            'mail.mailers.smtp.port' => $this->mail_port,
+            'mail.mailers.smtp.username' => $this->mail_username ?: null,
+            'mail.mailers.smtp.password' => $password ?: null,
+            'mail.mailers.smtp.encryption' => $this->mail_encryption === 'none' ? null : $this->mail_encryption,
+            'mail.from.address' => $this->mail_from_address,
+            'mail.from.name' => $this->mail_from_name,
+        ]);
+
+        // Drop any mailer Laravel already resolved this request so the new config takes effect.
+        Mail::purge('smtp');
+    }
+
+    /** Strip the stored SMTP password out of any string before it is shown/logged. */
+    private function maskSecret(string $text): string
+    {
+        $stored = Setting::get('mail_password');
+        if ($stored === null || $stored === '') {
+            return $text;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $plain = Crypt::decryptString($stored);
+        } catch (Throwable) {
+            return $text;
+        }
+
+        return $plain !== '' ? str_replace($plain, '****', $text) : $text;
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.settings.email');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Settings/Index.php

@@ -2,104 +2,28 @@
 
 namespace App\Livewire\Settings;
 
-use App\Models\AuditEvent;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
-use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
-use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Password;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
-use Livewire\Attributes\On;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Url;
 use Livewire\Component;
 
 #[Layout('layouts.app')]
-#[Title('Einstellungen — Clusev')]
 class Index extends Component
 {
+    #[Url]
     public string $tab = 'profile';
 
-    public string $name = '';
-
-    public string $email = '';
-
-    public string $current_password = '';
-
-    public string $password = '';
-
-    public string $password_confirmation = '';
+    public bool $openRecoveryModal = false;
 
     public function mount(): void
     {
-        $this->name = Auth::user()->name;
-        $this->email = Auth::user()->email;
-    }
-
-    public function updateProfile(): void
-    {
-        $data = $this->validate([
-            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
-            'email' => ['required', 'email', 'max:255', Rule::unique('users', 'email')->ignore(Auth::id())],
-        ]);
-
-        Auth::user()->update($data);
-        $this->audit('profile.update', $data['email']);
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Profil gespeichert.');
-    }
-
-    public function updatePassword(): void
-    {
-        $this->validate([
-            'current_password' => ['required', 'current_password'],
-            'password' => ['required', 'confirmed', Password::min(10)],
-        ]);
-
-        Auth::user()->update(['password' => $this->password, 'must_change_password' => false]);
-        $this->reset('current_password', 'password', 'password_confirmation');
-        $this->audit('password.change', Auth::user()->email);
-        $this->dispatch('notify', message: 'Passwort geändert.');
-    }
-
-    public function confirmDisableTwoFactor(): void
-    {
-        $this->dispatch('openModal',
-            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
-            arguments: [
-                'heading' => '2FA deaktivieren',
-                'body' => 'Die Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung wird entfernt. Dein Konto ist dann nur noch per Passwort geschützt.',
-                'confirmLabel' => 'Deaktivieren',
-                'danger' => true,
-                'icon' => 'shield',
-                'auditAction' => 'two_factor.disable',
-                'auditTarget' => Auth::user()?->email,
-                'event' => 'twoFactorDisabled',
-                'notify' => '2FA deaktiviert.',
-            ],
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[On('twoFactorDisabled')]
-    public function disableTwoFactor(): void
-    {
-        Auth::user()->forceFill([
-            'two_factor_secret' => null,
-            'two_factor_confirmed_at' => null,
-        ])->save();
-    }
-
-    private function audit(string $action, string $target): void
-    {
-        AuditEvent::create([
-            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
-            'actor' => Auth::user()->name,
-            'action' => $action,
-            'target' => $target,
-            'ip' => request()->ip(),
-        ]);
+        if (session('open_recovery_modal')) {
+            $this->tab = 'security';
+            $this->openRecoveryModal = true;
+        }
     }
 
     public function render()
     {
-        return view('livewire.settings.index', [
-            'twoFactorEnabled' => Auth::user()->hasTwoFactorEnabled(),
-        ]);
+        return view('livewire.settings.index')->title(__('settings.title'));
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Settings/LoginProtection.php

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Settings;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\BannedIp;
+use App\Models\Setting;
+use App\Rules\ValidIpOrCidr;
+use App\Services\BruteforceGuard;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+class LoginProtection extends Component
+{
+    public bool $enabled = true;
+
+    public int $maxretry = 10;
+
+    public int $findtime = 10;
+
+    public int $bantime = 60;
+
+    public string $whitelist = '';
+
+    public function mount(BruteforceGuard $guard): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        $this->enabled = $guard->enabled();
+        $this->maxretry = $guard->maxretry();
+        $this->findtime = $guard->findtime();
+        $this->bantime = $guard->bantime();
+        $this->whitelist = implode("\n", $guard->whitelist());
+    }
+
+    public function save(BruteforceGuard $guard): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        $this->validate([
+            'maxretry' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:1', 'max:1000'],
+            'findtime' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:1', 'max:1440'],
+            'bantime' => ['required', 'integer', 'min:1', 'max:43200'],
+            'whitelist' => ['nullable', 'string'],
+        ]);
+
+        $lines = array_values(array_filter(array_map('trim', preg_split('/[\r\n,]+/', $this->whitelist) ?: [])));
+        foreach ($lines as $line) {
+            if (Validator::make(['v' => $line], ['v' => [new ValidIpOrCidr]])->fails()) {
+                $this->addError('whitelist', __('settings.lp_whitelist_invalid', ['value' => $line]));
+
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Setting::put('bruteforce_enabled', $this->enabled ? '1' : '0');
+        Setting::put('bruteforce_maxretry', (string) $this->maxretry);
+        Setting::put('bruteforce_findtime', (string) $this->findtime);
+        Setting::put('bruteforce_bantime', (string) $this->bantime);
+        Setting::put('bruteforce_whitelist', implode("\n", $lines));
+
+        // Widening the whitelist immediately clears any now-exempt active bans.
+        foreach (BannedIp::active()->get() as $ban) {
+            if ($guard->isExempt($ban->ip)) {
+                $guard->unban($ban->ip);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->audit('auth.protection_updated', null);
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('settings.lp_saved'));
+    }
+
+    public function whitelistMyIp(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        $ip = (string) request()->ip();
+        $lines = array_values(array_filter(array_map('trim', preg_split('/[\r\n,]+/', $this->whitelist) ?: [])));
+        if (! in_array($ip, $lines, true)) {
+            $lines[] = $ip;
+        }
+        $this->whitelist = implode("\n", $lines);
+    }
+
+    public function confirmUnban(string $ip): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('settings.lp_unban_heading'),
+                'body' => __('settings.lp_unban_body', ['ip' => $ip]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('settings.lp_unban'),
+                'danger' => false,
+                'icon' => 'shield',
+                'notify' => __('settings.lp_unban_notify'),
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue('banCleared', ['ip' => $ip], auditTarget: $ip),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('banCleared')]
+    public function unban(string $confirmToken, BruteforceGuard $guard): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'banCleared');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $ip = (string) $payload['params']['ip'];
+        $guard->unban($ip);
+        $this->audit('auth.ip_unbanned', $ip);
+    }
+
+    public function confirmUnbanAll(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('settings.lp_unban_all_heading'),
+                'body' => __('settings.lp_unban_all_body'),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('settings.lp_unban_all'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'shield',
+                'notify' => __('settings.lp_unban_all_notify'),
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue('bansClearedAll'),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('bansClearedAll')]
+    public function unbanAll(string $confirmToken, BruteforceGuard $guard): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+        try {
+            ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'bansClearedAll');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+        $guard->unbanAll();
+        $this->audit('auth.ip_unbanned', 'all');
+    }
+
+    private function audit(string $action, ?string $target): void
+    {
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => $action,
+            'target' => $target,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function render(BruteforceGuard $guard)
+    {
+        $ip = (string) request()->ip();
+
+        return view('livewire.settings.login-protection', [
+            'bans' => BannedIp::query()->where('banned_until', '>', now())->orderByDesc('banned_until')->limit(200)->get(),
+            'currentIp' => $ip,
+            'currentIpExempt' => $guard->isExempt($ip),
+            // Read-only status of the env-driven honeypot deception layer (no toggle here).
+            'honeypotEnabled' => (bool) config('clusev.honeypot.enabled'),
+        ]);
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Settings/Profile.php

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Settings;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Password;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+class Profile extends Component
+{
+    public string $name = '';
+
+    public string $email = '';
+
+    public string $current_password = '';
+
+    public string $password = '';
+
+    public string $password_confirmation = '';
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        $this->name = Auth::user()->name;
+        $this->email = Auth::user()->email;
+    }
+
+    public function updateProfile(): void
+    {
+        $data = $this->validate([
+            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:255'],
+            'email' => ['required', 'email', 'max:255', Rule::unique('users', 'email')->ignore(Auth::id())],
+        ]);
+
+        Auth::user()->update($data);
+        $this->audit('profile.update', $data['email']);
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('settings.profile_saved'));
+    }
+
+    public function updatePassword(): void
+    {
+        // Throttle the current-password re-auth (hijacked-session brute-force protection).
+        // User-id keyed + auto-expiring: only ever slows the user's own session briefly.
+        $key = 'reauth:'.Auth::id();
+        if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($key, 5)) {
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
+                'current_password' => __('auth.too_many_attempts', ['seconds' => RateLimiter::availableIn($key)]),
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $this->validate([
+                'current_password' => ['required', 'current_password'],
+                'password' => ['required', 'confirmed', Password::min(6)],
+            ]);
+        } catch (ValidationException $e) {
+            if (array_key_exists('current_password', $e->errors())) {
+                RateLimiter::hit($key, 60);
+            }
+            throw $e;
+        }
+
+        RateLimiter::clear($key);
+
+        Auth::user()->update(['password' => $this->password, 'must_change_password' => false]);
+        $this->reset('current_password', 'password', 'password_confirmation');
+        $this->audit('password.change', Auth::user()->email);
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('settings.password_changed'));
+    }
+
+    private function audit(string $action, string $target): void
+    {
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()->name,
+            'action' => $action,
+            'target' => $target,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.settings.profile');
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Settings/Security.php

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Settings;
+
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+class Security extends Component
+{
+    public function confirmDisableTwoFactor(): void
+    {
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('settings.disable_2fa_heading'),
+                'body' => __('settings.disable_2fa_body'),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('common.disable'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'shield',
+                'notify' => __('settings.disable_2fa_notify'),
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'twoFactorDisabled',
+                    [],
+                    'two_factor.disable',
+                    Auth::user()?->email,
+                ),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('twoFactorDisabled')]
+    public function disableTwoFactor(string $confirmToken): void
+    {
+        try {
+            ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'twoFactorDisabled');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+
+        // Remove the TOTP factor only — security keys are managed on their own card. If no
+        // factor remains afterwards, the backup codes are dropped too.
+        Auth::user()->forceFill([
+            'two_factor_secret' => null,
+            'two_factor_confirmed_at' => null,
+        ])->save();
+
+        Auth::user()->resetIfNoFactor();
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.settings.security', [
+            'twoFactorEnabled' => Auth::user()->hasTwoFactorEnabled(),
+            'hasTotp' => Auth::user()->hasTotp(),
+        ]);
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Settings/Sessions.php

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Settings;
+
+use App\Services\SessionService;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+class Sessions extends Component
+{
+    /**
+     * Open the R5 confirm for "sign out other devices". The current session is
+     * kept; only the other rows are deleted on confirm. The modal writes the
+     * audit row (session.logout_others) and re-dispatches the apply event.
+     */
+    public function confirmLogoutOthers(): void
+    {
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('sessions.logout_others'),
+                'body' => __('sessions.logout_others_body'),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('sessions.logout_others'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'logout',
+                'notify' => __('sessions.logout_others_notify'),
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'sessionsLogoutOthers',
+                    [],
+                    'session.logout_others',
+                    Auth::user()?->email,
+                ),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('sessionsLogoutOthers')]
+    public function logoutOthers(string $confirmToken, SessionService $sessions): void
+    {
+        try {
+            ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'sessionsLogoutOthers');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+
+        $sessions->logoutOtherDevices(Auth::user());
+        // List re-renders on the next round trip; no explicit refresh needed.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Open the R5 confirm for the destructive GLOBAL logout. On confirm every
+     * session is wiped and every remember_token rotated — including this
+     * operator's, so the apply handler redirects to login.
+     */
+    public function confirmLogoutAll(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-users'), 403);
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('sessions.logout_all'),
+                'body' => __('sessions.logout_all_body'),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('sessions.logout_all'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'power',
+                // Defer the toast: this session is about to be destroyed and the
+                // user redirected to login, so a toast would never be seen.
+                'notify' => '',
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'sessionsLogoutAll',
+                    [],
+                    'session.logout_all',
+                    Auth::user()?->email,
+                ),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('sessionsLogoutAll')]
+    public function logoutAll(string $confirmToken, SessionService $sessions)
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-users'), 403);
+        try {
+            ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'sessionsLogoutAll');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+
+        // Truncates all sessions + rotates every remember_token. This logs the
+        // operator out too, so push them to login (AuthenticateSession would
+        // otherwise bounce the very next request).
+        $sessions->logoutEveryone();
+        Auth::logout();
+
+        return $this->redirect(route('login'), navigate: true);
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.settings.sessions', [
+            'sessions' => app(SessionService::class)->forUser(Auth::user()),
+        ]);
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Settings/Users.php

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Settings;
+
+use App\Enums\Role;
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\SessionService;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+/**
+ * Multi-user account management. Accounts now carry an RBAC role (admin > operator >
+ * viewer); the mutating actions here are gated behind the `manage-users` ability (admin
+ * only). Destructive actions (remove, force-logout) and role changes go through the R5
+ * confirm modal, which writes one AuditEvent and re-dispatches the apply event back here
+ * (mirrors Settings\Security / Settings\Sessions).
+ *
+ * The last-admin invariant is enforced everywhere: the sole remaining admin can neither
+ * be removed nor demoted, so the panel can never be stranded with zero administrators.
+ *
+ * The current operator is always recorded as the actor on each audit row.
+ */
+class Users extends Component
+{
+    /** Open the CreateUser modal; it dispatches `usersChanged` on success. */
+    public function create(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-users'), 403);
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal', component: 'modals.create-user');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destructive (R5): open the confirm modal for removing an account. Guards
+     * (self / last account) are enforced here AND again in the apply handler, so
+     * a stale event can never slip past after the modal is open.
+     */
+    public function confirmRemove(int $userId): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-users'), 403);
+
+        $user = User::find($userId);
+        if (! $user || ! $this->canRemove($user)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('accounts.remove_heading'),
+                'body' => __('accounts.remove_body'),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('accounts.remove'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'trash',
+                // Defer the toast: the apply handler reports the real outcome.
+                'notify' => '',
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'userRemoved',
+                    ['userId' => $userId],
+                    auditTarget: $user->email,
+                ),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('userRemoved')]
+    public function remove(string $confirmToken, SessionService $sessions): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-users'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'userRemoved');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+        $userId = $payload['params']['userId'];
+
+        $self = Auth::id();
+
+        // Atomic: lock the user rows + recount inside the transaction so two concurrent
+        // deletes can't both pass the "more than one account" check and strand the
+        // install with zero users (a lock-out). The last account is never removable.
+        // Sentinel: null = silent no-op (self / last account / gone); 'last_admin' =
+        // refused because it would strand zero admins → surface the guard toast.
+        $email = DB::transaction(function () use ($userId, $self, $sessions): ?string {
+            if (User::lockForUpdate()->count() <= 1) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            $user = User::find($userId);
+            if (! $user || $user->getKey() === $self) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            // Last-admin invariant: removing the sole administrator would leave the panel
+            // with zero admins (no one can manage users again). Lock + recount admins in
+            // the same transaction so concurrent removes can't both slip past the check.
+            if ($user->role === Role::Admin
+                && User::where('role', Role::Admin->value)->lockForUpdate()->count() <= 1) {
+                return 'last_admin';
+            }
+
+            $email = $user->email;
+
+            // Kill every session + rotate the remember_token BEFORE deleting, so a
+            // stolen remember-me cookie can never resurrect the account between the
+            // session wipe and the row delete.
+            $sessions->logoutUserEverywhere($user);
+            $user->delete();
+
+            return $email;
+        });
+
+        if ($email === null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ($email === 'last_admin') {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('accounts.last_admin_guard'), level: 'error');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->audit('user.delete', $email);
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('accounts.remove_notify'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destructive (R5): open the confirm modal for signing another account out
+     * of every device. Never offered for self (self uses Settings → Sessions).
+     */
+    public function confirmLogout(int $userId): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-users'), 403);
+
+        $user = User::find($userId);
+        if (! $user || $user->is(Auth::user())) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('accounts.logout_heading'),
+                'body' => __('accounts.logout_body'),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('accounts.logout'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'logout',
+                'notify' => '',
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'userLoggedOut',
+                    ['userId' => $userId],
+                    auditTarget: $user->email,
+                ),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('userLoggedOut')]
+    public function logout(string $confirmToken, SessionService $sessions): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-users'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'userLoggedOut');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+        $userId = $payload['params']['userId'];
+
+        $user = User::find($userId);
+        if (! $user || $user->is(Auth::user())) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $sessions->logoutUserEverywhere($user);
+
+        $this->audit('user.logout', $user->email);
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('accounts.logout_notify'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sensitive (R5): open the confirm modal for changing another account's role. The
+     * new role must be a valid Role case; the apply handler re-checks the last-admin
+     * invariant so a stale event can never demote the sole admin after the modal opens.
+     */
+    public function confirmRoleChange(int $userId, string $role): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-users'), 403);
+
+        $user = User::find($userId);
+        if (! $user || ! in_array($role, array_column(Role::cases(), 'value'), true)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('accounts.role_change_confirm_heading'),
+                'body' => __('accounts.role_change_confirm_body', [
+                    'name' => $user->name,
+                    'role' => Role::from($role)->label(),
+                ]),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('accounts.role_change_confirm'),
+                'danger' => false,
+                'icon' => 'shield',
+                // Defer the toast: the apply handler reports the real outcome.
+                'notify' => '',
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'userRoleChanged',
+                    ['userId' => $userId, 'role' => $role],
+                    auditTarget: $user->email,
+                ),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('userRoleChanged')]
+    public function applyRoleChange(string $confirmToken): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-users'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'userRoleChanged');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+        $userId = $payload['params']['userId'];
+        $role = $payload['params']['role'];
+
+        // Atomic: lock the target + recount admins inside the transaction so two concurrent
+        // demotions can't both pass the last-admin check and strand zero administrators.
+        // Sentinel: null = silent no-op (gone / same role); 'last_admin' = refused because
+        // it would demote the sole admin → surface the guard toast.
+        $result = DB::transaction(function () use ($userId, $role): ?string {
+            $user = User::whereKey($userId)->lockForUpdate()->first();
+            if (! $user) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            $newRole = Role::from($role);
+
+            // Last-admin invariant: never demote the sole administrator away from admin.
+            if ($user->role === Role::Admin
+                && $newRole !== Role::Admin
+                && User::where('role', Role::Admin->value)->lockForUpdate()->count() <= 1) {
+                return 'last_admin';
+            }
+
+            $user->role = $newRole;
+            $user->save();
+
+            AuditEvent::create([
+                'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+                'actor' => Auth::user()?->name,
+                'action' => 'user.role_change',
+                'target' => $user->email,
+                'ip' => request()->ip(),
+                'meta' => ['to' => $role],
+            ]);
+
+            return $user->email;
+        });
+
+        if ($result === null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ($result === 'last_admin') {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('accounts.last_admin_guard'), level: 'error');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->dispatch('usersChanged');
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('accounts.role_changed_toast'));
+    }
+
+    /** Reload the list after the CreateUser modal adds an account. */
+    #[On('usersChanged')]
+    public function refreshList(): void
+    {
+        // The list is re-fetched in render(); this handler just forces the round trip.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A user may be offered the remove control unless it is the current operator or the
+     * last remaining account (no lock-out). This is only the UI gate; the removal itself
+     * is restricted to admins (`manage-users`) and the apply handler additionally refuses
+     * to strand zero administrators (last-admin invariant).
+     */
+    private function canRemove(User $user): bool
+    {
+        return ! $user->is(Auth::user()) && User::count() > 1;
+    }
+
+    private function audit(string $action, ?string $target): void
+    {
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => $action,
+            'target' => $target,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.settings.users', [
+            'users' => User::query()->orderBy('name')->get(),
+            'currentId' => Auth::id(),
+        ]);
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Settings/WebauthnKeys.php

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Settings;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Services\WebauthnService;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Validate;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+class WebauthnKeys extends Component
+{
+    #[Validate('required|string|max:60')]
+    public string $newName = '';
+
+    /** JSON creation options for navigator.credentials.create (the JS posts the result to register). */
+    public function options(WebauthnService $webauthn): array
+    {
+        abort_unless($webauthn->available(), 404);
+        // Validate the label BEFORE the browser ceremony, so an invalid name never
+        // leaves an orphaned credential on the authenticator.
+        $this->validate();
+
+        return $webauthn->registrationOptions(Auth::user());
+    }
+
+    public function register(array $attestation, WebauthnService $webauthn): void
+    {
+        // WebAuthn must be available (domain + HTTPS). No existing-factor guard — a key may
+        // be the FIRST/only factor.
+        abort_unless($webauthn->available(), 404);
+        $this->validate();
+
+        $cred = $webauthn->verifyRegistration(Auth::user(), $attestation, trim($this->newName));
+        $this->reset('newName');
+
+        // First factor enrolled and no codes yet → generate + show the recovery modal.
+        if (! Auth::user()->hasRecoveryCodes()) {
+            Auth::user()->replaceRecoveryCodes();
+            // Server-set one-time flag so the opening modal reveals the fresh set once.
+            session()->put('2fa.codes_fresh', now()->timestamp);
+            // One-time download grant (a timestamp) — the download route requires + consumes
+            // it within a short window, so the fresh set can be downloaded once and a later
+            // direct hit 403s.
+            session()->put('2fa.download_grant', now()->timestamp);
+            $this->dispatch('openModal', component: 'modals.recovery-codes');
+        }
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => 'webauthn.register',
+            'target' => $cred->name,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('auth.webauthn_added'));
+    }
+
+    /** Destructive (R5): open the confirm modal, which re-dispatches `webauthnKeyRemoved`. */
+    public function confirmRemove(int $id): void
+    {
+        $cred = Auth::user()->webauthnCredentials()->whereKey($id)->first();
+        if (! $cred) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('auth.webauthn_title'),
+                'body' => __('auth.webauthn_remove_confirm'),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('common.remove'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'trash',
+                'notify' => '',
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'webauthnKeyRemoved',
+                    ['id' => $id],
+                ),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('webauthnKeyRemoved')]
+    public function remove(string $confirmToken, WebauthnService $webauthn): void
+    {
+        abort_unless($webauthn->available(), 404);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'webauthnKeyRemoved');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+        $id = $payload['params']['id'];
+
+        $cred = Auth::user()->webauthnCredentials()->whereKey($id)->first();
+        if ($cred) {
+            $name = $cred->name;
+            $cred->delete();
+
+            AuditEvent::create([
+                'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+                'actor' => Auth::user()->name ?? 'system',
+                'action' => 'webauthn.remove',
+                'target' => $name,
+                'ip' => request()->ip(),
+            ]);
+
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('auth.webauthn_removed'));
+            Auth::user()->resetIfNoFactor();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.settings.webauthn-keys', [
+            'available' => app(WebauthnService::class)->available(),
+            'keys' => Auth::user()->webauthnCredentials()->latest()->get(),
+        ]);
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Shell/FleetStatus.php

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Shell;
+
+use App\Models\Server;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+/**
+ * Topbar "X / Y online" pill. A tiny polled Livewire island so the fleet-online count reflects a
+ * server going up or down live (like the dashboard), instead of only on a page navigate/refresh.
+ */
+class FleetStatus extends Component
+{
+    public function render()
+    {
+        return view('livewire.shell.fleet-status', [
+            'online' => Server::where('status', 'online')->count(),
+            'total' => Server::count(),
+        ]);
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/System/Index.php

@@ -2,80 +2,253 @@
 
 namespace App\Livewire\System;
 
-use App\Models\Setting;
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
 use App\Services\DeploymentService;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
 use Livewire\Attributes\On;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
 use Livewire\Component;
 
 /**
- * System settings — dashboard-configurable Domain + TLS and the release channel.
+ * System settings — dashboard-configurable Domain + TLS.
  *
- * Domain & TLS: READ-ONLY status. The panel domain is an install-time decision
- * (APP_DOMAIN) so it stays consistent with URL/WebSocket/cookie security; Caddy then
- * issues, renews and HTTP→HTTPS-redirects fully automatically. Nothing to apply or
- * reload here — to change the domain, re-run install.sh.
- *
- * Release-Kanal: a stable|beta choice persisted as a Setting (default from
- * config('clusev.channel')), audited on change.
+ * Domain & TLS: the panel domain is EDITABLE here. Saving persists it (Setting
+ * `panel_domain`, overriding the install-time APP_DOMAIN) and asks the operator to
+ * restart the stack; on restart everything re-derives from it (app.url, the Reverb
+ * client endpoint, Caddy's on-demand cert, the secure-cookie flag). Nothing switches
+ * mid-session — that is what makes it safe. Bare-IP/HTTP access stays a recovery path.
  */
 #[Layout('layouts.app')]
-#[Title('System — Clusev')]
 class Index extends Component
 {
-    /** Valid user-facing release channels with their German descriptions. */
-    public const CHANNELS = [
-        'stable' => 'Nur getestete, vom Maintainer freigegebene Releases (getaggte Versionen). Empfohlen für den Produktivbetrieb.',
-        'beta' => 'Vorabversionen kommender Releases zum Testen neuer Funktionen. Kann instabil sein. Entwicklungs-Builds werden Nutzern nie angeboten.',
-    ];
+    /** Valid TLS termination modes. */
+    public const TLS_MODES = ['caddy', 'external'];
 
-    /** Install-time panel domain (read-only display). */
+    /** Effective panel domain (DB override or install-time APP_DOMAIN); '' = bare IP. */
     public string $domain = '';
 
-    public string $channel = 'stable';
+    /** The domain form field (FQDN, or empty to clear the override). */
+    public string $domainInput = '';
+
+    /** True after a save — shows the "restart the stack to apply" notice. */
+    public bool $restartPending = false;
+
+    /** True once the operator clicked "restart now" — the host watcher is applying it. */
+    public bool $restartRequested = false;
+
+    public string $tlsMode = 'caddy';
 
     public function mount(DeploymentService $deployment): void
     {
+        // Active = what the stack currently serves (snapshot); the form edits the PENDING
+        // (configured) domain. They differ when a saved change awaits a restart.
         $this->domain = (string) ($deployment->domain() ?? '');
-        $channel = Setting::get('release_channel', config('clusev.channel')) ?? 'stable';
-        // Clamp to a valid user channel — a stale/legacy value (e.g. 'dev') falls back to stable.
-        $this->channel = array_key_exists($channel, self::CHANNELS) ? $channel : 'stable';
+        $this->domainInput = (string) ($deployment->configuredDomain() ?? '');
+        $this->restartPending = $deployment->restartPending();
+        $this->restartRequested = $deployment->restartRequested();
+        $this->tlsMode = $deployment->externalTls() ? 'external' : 'caddy';
     }
 
-    /** Release channel changes are audited (confirmation via the shared modal). */
-    public function confirmChannel(string $channel): void
+    /** @return array<string, array<int, string>> */
+    private function domainRules(): array
     {
-        if (! array_key_exists($channel, self::CHANNELS) || $channel === $this->channel) {
+        // Empty clears the override (revert to install-time APP_DOMAIN / bare IP).
+        return ['domainInput' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:253', 'regex:'.DeploymentService::DOMAIN_REGEX]];
+    }
+
+    /** Validate, then confirm the domain change via the shared modal (audited there). */
+    public function confirmDomain(DeploymentService $deployment): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+
+        $this->validate($this->domainRules(), [
+            'domainInput.regex' => __('system.domain_invalid'),
+            'domainInput.max' => __('system.domain_invalid'),
+        ]);
+
+        $new = strtolower(trim($this->domainInput));
+
+        if ($new === (string) ($deployment->configuredDomain() ?? '')) {
+            return; // no change vs the already-configured (pending) domain
+        }
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => __('system.change_domain_heading'),
+                'body' => $new !== ''
+                    ? __('system.change_domain_body', ['domain' => $new])
+                    : __('system.clear_domain_body'),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('system.change_domain_confirm'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'globe',
+                'notify' => '', // defer: we surface the restart notice instead of a toast
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'domainChanged',
+                    ['domain' => $new],
+                    'system.settings_updated',
+                    'panel_domain='.($new !== '' ? $new : '(cleared)'),
+                ),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[On('domainChanged')]
+    public function applyDomain(string $confirmToken, DeploymentService $deployment): void
+    {
+        // Re-gate on consume: ConfirmToken is uid-bound, not role-bound, so a token issued
+        // while the user could manage the panel must still be refused after a demotion.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'domainChanged');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+        $domain = strtolower(trim($payload['params']['domain']));
+
+        // Defensive re-validation (the value round-trips through the modal event).
+        if ($domain !== '' && ! preg_match(DeploymentService::DOMAIN_REGEX, $domain)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $pending = $deployment->setDomain($domain);
+        // The active (served) domain stays frozen until restart; only the pending changes.
+        $this->domainInput = (string) ($pending ?? '');
+        $this->restartPending = $deployment->restartPending();
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('system.domain_saved_notify'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * One-click restart: write the sentinel and let the HOST watcher restart the stack.
+     * The container never touches the Docker socket — it only requests via a marker file
+     * the scoped systemd .path unit reacts to (see docker/restart-sentinel/). Kept explicit
+     * (a button, not auto-fired on save) so the operator controls the timing.
+     */
+    public function restartNow(DeploymentService $deployment): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+
+        // Surface a failed sentinel write instead of a "restarting" state that never resolves.
+        if (! $deployment->requestRestart()) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('system.restart_write_failed'), level: 'error');
+
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->restartRequested = true;
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('system.restart_running'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Operator-triggered Let's-Encrypt request for the ACTIVE, Caddy-served domain: a DNS
+     * pre-check + an on-demand-TLS handshake (DeploymentService::requestCertificate). Per-user
+     * throttled (5 / 10 min, auto-expiring — never a control-plane lockout) so it can't hammer
+     * ACME, and audited. Only meaningful in caddy mode with an active domain.
+     */
+    public function requestCertificate(DeploymentService $deployment): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+
+        $domain = $deployment->domain();
+
+        if ($domain === null || $deployment->externalTls()) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('system.cert_not_applicable'), level: 'error');
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $key = 'cert-request:'.Auth::id();
+        if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($key, 5)) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('system.cert_throttled', ['seconds' => RateLimiter::availableIn($key)]), level: 'error');
+
+            return;
+        }
+        RateLimiter::hit($key, 600);
+
+        $result = $deployment->requestCertificate($domain);
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => 'tls.cert_request',
+            'target' => $domain.' → '.$result['status'],
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        [$message, $level] = match ($result['status']) {
+            'issued' => [__('system.cert_issued', ['domain' => $domain]), 'success'],
+            'dns_mismatch' => [__('system.cert_dns_mismatch', [
+                'resolved' => implode(', ', $result['resolved'] ?? []) ?: '—',
+                'server' => $result['serverIp'] ?? '?',
+            ]), 'error'],
+            default => [__('system.cert_failed'), 'error'],
+        };
+
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: $message, level: $level);
+    }
+
+    /** TLS-mode changes are audited (confirmation via the shared modal). */
+    public function confirmTlsMode(string $mode): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+
+        if (! in_array($mode, self::TLS_MODES, true) || $mode === $this->tlsMode) {
             return;
         }
 
         $this->dispatch('openModal',
             component: 'modals.confirm-action',
             arguments: [
-                'heading' => 'Release-Kanal wechseln',
-                'body' => 'Der Release-Kanal wird auf "'.$channel.'" gesetzt. Updates werden dann aus dieser Quelle bezogen.',
-                'confirmLabel' => 'Wechseln',
-                'danger' => false,
-                'icon' => 'git-branch',
-                'auditAction' => 'system.settings_updated',
-                'auditTarget' => 'release_channel='.$channel,
-                'event' => 'channelChanged',
-                'params' => ['channel' => $channel],
-                'notify' => 'Release-Kanal auf "'.$channel.'" gesetzt.',
+                'heading' => __('system.change_tls_heading'),
+                'body' => $mode === 'external'
+                    ? __('system.change_tls_body_external')
+                    : __('system.change_tls_body_caddy'),
+                'confirmLabel' => __('system.change_tls_confirm'),
+                'danger' => true,
+                'icon' => 'shield',
+                'notify' => '',
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue(
+                    'tlsModeChanged',
+                    ['mode' => $mode],
+                ),
             ],
         );
     }
 
-    #[On('channelChanged')]
-    public function applyChannel(string $channel): void
+    #[On('tlsModeChanged')]
+    public function applyTlsMode(string $confirmToken, DeploymentService $deployment): void
     {
-        if (! array_key_exists($channel, self::CHANNELS)) {
+        // Re-gate on consume: ConfirmToken is uid-bound, not role-bound, so a token issued
+        // while the user could manage the panel must still be refused after a demotion.
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'tlsModeChanged');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return; // forged / replayed / direct-bypass attempt — no-op
+        }
+        $mode = $payload['params']['mode'];
+
+        if (! in_array($mode, self::TLS_MODES, true)) {
             return;
         }
 
-        Setting::put('release_channel', $channel);
-        $this->channel = $channel;
+        $deployment->setTlsMode($mode);
+        $this->tlsMode = $mode;
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => 'system.settings_updated',
+            'target' => 'tls_mode='.$mode,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->restartPending = true;
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('system.tls_saved_notify'));
     }
 
     public function render(DeploymentService $deployment)
@@ -83,7 +256,10 @@ class Index extends Component
         return view('livewire.system.index', [
             'hasTls' => $this->domain !== '',
             'panelUrl' => $deployment->panelUrl(),
-            'channels' => self::CHANNELS,
-        ]);
+            'isOverridden' => $deployment->domainIsOverridden(),
+            // Cert request is meaningful only when Caddy serves TLS for an ACTIVE domain.
+            'showCert' => $this->tlsMode === 'caddy' && $this->domain !== '',
+            'certStatus' => $deployment->certStatus(),
+        ])->title(__('system.title'));
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Terminal/Index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Terminal;
+
+use App\Models\HostCredential;
+use App\Models\TerminalSession;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Component;
+
+/**
+ * Host terminal — a real SSH login into the CLUSEV HOST machine, admin-only (manage-fleet). Per-SERVER
+ * shells live on the server-details page (the "Terminal" tab / App\Livewire\Servers\ServerTerminal).
+ * On connect it mints a single-use token the xterm.js island uses to open a WebSocket to the terminal
+ * sidecar; this component never touches the SSH connection or credentials.
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Index extends Component
+{
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        // The host shell is a real login into the Clusev machine — the most dangerous target.
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+    }
+
+    public function title(): string
+    {
+        return __('terminal.title');
+    }
+
+    /** Mint a single-use token for the host shell and hand it to the xterm island via an event. */
+    public function open(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
+        // With no host login configured yet, open the setup form instead of minting a dead session.
+        if (HostCredential::current() === null) {
+            $this->configureHost();
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $token = Str::random(48);
+        TerminalSession::create([
+            'token' => $token,
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'kind' => 'host',
+            'server_id' => null,
+            'expires_at' => now()->addSeconds(60),
+            'created_at' => now(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->dispatch('terminal-open', token: $token, title: __('terminal.host_label'));
+    }
+
+    /** Open the modal that stores the Clusev host SSH login. */
+    public function configureHost(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-fleet'), 403);
+
+        $this->dispatch('openModal', component: 'modals.host-shell');
+    }
+
+    /** The host-login modal saved/removed — re-render so the tile reflects the new state. */
+    #[On('hostShellSaved')]
+    public function hostShellSaved(): void
+    {
+        // No state to set; the empty handler simply triggers a re-render.
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        $host = HostCredential::current();
+
+        return view('livewire.terminal.index', [
+            'hostConfigured' => $host !== null,
+            'hostTarget' => $host?->username,
+        ])->title($this->title());
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Threats/Index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Threats;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\BannedIp;
+use App\Services\BruteforceGuard;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Url;
+use Livewire\Component;
+use Livewire\WithPagination;
+
+/**
+ * THREATS dashboard — the operator-facing frontend for the honeypot deception layer. Surfaces the
+ * hostile-probe feed (security.honeypot_hit / security.honeytoken_used / auth.ip_banned audit
+ * events), KPI counters, and the active IP bans with an unban control. Read-only intelligence plus
+ * one mutation (unban); the honeypot itself is env-driven and has no toggle here.
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Index extends Component
+{
+    use WithPagination;
+
+    /** Threat entries per page — page is deep-linked via ?page= (Livewire WithPagination). */
+    private const PER_PAGE = 25;
+
+    /** The honeypot / ban action codes that make up the threat feed. */
+    private const FEED_ACTIONS = [
+        'security.honeypot_hit',
+        'security.honeypot_login',
+        'security.honeytoken_used',
+        'auth.ip_banned',
+    ];
+
+    /** Freitext-Filter über IP / Ziel des Bedrohungs-Ereignisses. */
+    #[Url]
+    public string $q = '';
+
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        // Defense-in-depth: the route already carries can:manage-panel, but a persisted Livewire
+        // component could be re-hydrated after a role change — re-check on mount.
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+    }
+
+    /** A changed search must restart at page 1 — never land on an out-of-range page. */
+    public function updatedQ(): void
+    {
+        $this->resetPage();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Honeypot / ban events, newest first, optionally filtered. The filter runs in SQL (so it spans
+     * the whole history, not just one page) and matches the source IP and the probed target path.
+     * Mirrors Audit\Index::eventsQuery() but scoped to the honeypot action set.
+     */
+    protected function eventsQuery(): Builder
+    {
+        $query = AuditEvent::query()->whereIn('action', self::FEED_ACTIONS)->latest();
+
+        $needle = trim($this->q);
+        if ($needle === '') {
+            return $query;
+        }
+
+        $like = '%'.mb_strtolower($needle).'%';
+
+        return $query->where(function (Builder $w) use ($like): void {
+            $w->whereRaw('LOWER(ip) LIKE ?', [$like])
+                ->orWhereRaw('LOWER(target) LIKE ?', [$like]);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /** Currently active bans (not yet expired), newest first — a short list for the ban panel. */
+    protected function bannedIps(): Collection
+    {
+        return BannedIp::active()->latest('banned_until')->limit(50)->get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Page numbers to render, with "…" gaps for long histories (1 … 4 5 6 … 20).
+     *
+     * @return array<int, int|string>
+     */
+    protected function pageWindow(int $current, int $total): array
+    {
+        if ($total <= 7) {
+            return range(1, max(1, $total));
+        }
+
+        $pages = [1];
+        $from = max(2, $current - 1);
+        $to = min($total - 1, $current + 1);
+        if ($from > 2) {
+            $pages[] = '…';
+        }
+        for ($i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
+            $pages[] = $i;
+        }
+        if ($to < $total - 1) {
+            $pages[] = '…';
+        }
+        $pages[] = $total;
+
+        return $pages;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Lift an active ban. Reuses the exact unban path + audit code + toast convention from
+     * Settings\LoginProtection so the two management surfaces stay consistent.
+     */
+    public function unban(string $ip, BruteforceGuard $guard): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(Auth::user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+
+        $guard->unban($ip);
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => 'auth.ip_unbanned',
+            'target' => $ip,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('threats.unbanned_toast', ['ip' => $ip]));
+    }
+
+    public function render()
+    {
+        /** @var LengthAwarePaginator $events */
+        $events = $this->eventsQuery()->paginate(self::PER_PAGE);
+
+        // Most active source across all honeypot/token events (null when there is no traffic yet).
+        $topIp = AuditEvent::query()
+            ->whereIn('action', ['security.honeypot_hit', 'security.honeypot_login', 'security.honeytoken_used'])
+            ->whereNotNull('ip')
+            ->selectRaw('ip, COUNT(*) as hits')
+            ->groupBy('ip')
+            ->orderByDesc('hits')
+            ->limit(1)
+            ->value('ip');
+
+        return view('livewire.threats.index', [
+            'events' => $events,
+            'pageWindow' => $this->pageWindow($events->currentPage(), $events->lastPage()),
+            'bannedIps' => $this->bannedIps(),
+            'probes_24h' => AuditEvent::query()
+                ->where('action', 'security.honeypot_hit')
+                ->where('created_at', '>=', now()->subDay())
+                ->count(),
+            // POST fake-login attempts in the last 24h — the "someone tried to log in" signal.
+            'login_attempts_24h' => AuditEvent::query()
+                ->where('action', 'security.honeypot_login')
+                ->where('created_at', '>=', now()->subDay())
+                ->count(),
+            'banned_total' => BannedIp::active()->count(),
+            'honeytoken_trips' => AuditEvent::query()->where('action', 'security.honeytoken_used')->count(),
+            'top_ip' => $topIp,
+        ])->title(__('threats.title'));
+    }
+}

app/Livewire/Versions/Index.php

@@ -2,25 +2,48 @@
 
 namespace App\Livewire\Versions;
 
-use App\Models\Setting;
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Services\DeploymentService;
+use App\Services\ReleaseChecker;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
 use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
-use Livewire\Attributes\Title;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Url;
 use Livewire\Component;
 
 /**
- * Version & releases page. Everything shown here is real: the installed version
- * comes from config, the latest published release is the newest git TAG read from
- * .git at runtime, and the release history is the project's own CHANGELOG.md parsed
- * BY VERSION. There is no in-app updater (Clusev ships as a Docker image) and no
- * fake release server — the update check honestly compares the installed version
- * against the newest tag in the configured channel.
+ * Version & releases page. Everything shown here is real: the installed version comes from
+ * config, the latest published release is the newest git TAG in the channel — read from the
+ * project's public Git host over its read-only tag API (the production image ships no .git, so
+ * a local read would always be empty; local .git is only a dev fallback) — and the release
+ * history is the project's own CHANGELOG.md parsed BY VERSION. There is no in-app updater
+ * (Clusev ships as a Docker image; updating is a host-side image pull + migrate, see the page);
+ * the check honestly compares the installed version against the newest tag in the channel.
  */
 #[Layout('layouts.app')]
-#[Title('Version — Clusev')]
 class Index extends Component
 {
-    /** Only these channels are ever offered to users — there is no 'dev' channel. */
-    private const CHANNELS = ['stable', 'beta'];
+    /**
+     * Cache (Redis in prod) marker for an in-flight update: holds the version that was running
+     * when the update was requested. Persisted in Redis — NOT the sentinel file (which the host
+     * watcher consumes before update.sh runs) — so the "update läuft" state survives BOTH a page
+     * reload and the app-container rebuild. Cleared on completion/timeout; auto-expires as a
+     * backstop so a failed update can never wedge the banner. Completion = running version > base.
+     */
+    private const UPDATE_FLAG = 'clusev:update-in-progress';
+
+    /** Patch releases shown per page within a series — keeps the changelog from endless-scrolling. */
+    private const CHANGELOG_PER_PAGE = 8;
+
+    /** Selected major.minor changelog series ('' = auto: the newest). Drives the series rail.
+     *  Synced to ?series= so a series is deep-linkable / survives reload + back-button. */
+    #[Url(as: 'series')]
+    public string $series = '';
+
+    /** 1-based page within the selected series' release list. Synced to ?page= (omitted while 1). */
+    #[Url(as: 'page')]
+    public int $changelogPage = 1;
 
     public ?string $lastChecked = null;
 
@@ -29,6 +52,101 @@ class Index extends Component
     /** 'current' | 'update' | null — drives the banner tone. */
     public ?string $updateState = null;
 
+    /** Set once an update has been requested this session — the stack is rebuilding. */
+    public bool $updateRequested = false;
+
+    /** Running version captured WHEN the update was requested — completion = version moved past it. */
+    public ?string $updateBaseVersion = null;
+
+    /** Poll ticks since the update request, to time out a stuck/failed update instead of spinning. */
+    public int $updatePolls = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * On load, in order:
+     *  1. If an update is in flight (Redis marker): either announce it just finished (running
+     *     version now past the marked base → success toast + clear) or resume the "läuft" state +
+     *     poll. This is what makes a reload mid-update show the right thing (the marker lives in
+     *     Redis, surviving both the reload and the app rebuild).
+     *  2. Otherwise surface an available update straight from the cached check (no network), so the
+     *     button shows immediately when the badge already knows a newer version — no re-click.
+     */
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        $installed = (string) config('clusev.version');
+        $marker = Cache::get(self::UPDATE_FLAG);
+
+        if (is_array($marker) && isset($marker['base'])) {
+            if (version_compare(ltrim($installed, 'vV'), ltrim((string) $marker['base'], 'vV'), '>')) {
+                // Finished while the operator was away (or reloaded) — announce + clear.
+                Cache::forget(self::UPDATE_FLAG);
+                $this->updateState = 'current';
+                $this->updateStatus = __('versions.status_current', ['installed' => $installed, 'channel' => $this->channel()]);
+                $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('versions.update_done', ['version' => $installed]));
+
+                return;
+            }
+            // Still running — resume the notice + polling.
+            $this->updateRequested = true;
+            $this->updateBaseVersion = (string) $marker['base'];
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $latest = $this->resolveLatestTag($this->channel()); // cached / local .git — never network on load
+        if ($latest !== null && $this->isNewer($latest, $installed)) {
+            $this->updateState = 'update';
+            $this->updateStatus = __('versions.status_update_available', ['latest' => $latest, 'channel' => $this->channel()]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Poll while an update runs (driven by wire:poll on the "running" notice). Completion is
+     * detected purely from the running version moving PAST the value captured at request time —
+     * the rebuilt container reports the new version, so no host round-trip is needed. Times out
+     * after ~5 min so a failed update surfaces a hint instead of spinning forever.
+     */
+    public function pollUpdate(): void
+    {
+        if (! $this->updateRequested) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->updatePolls++;
+        $current = (string) config('clusev.version');
+        $this->updateBaseVersion ??= $current;
+
+        if (version_compare(ltrim($current, 'vV'), ltrim($this->updateBaseVersion, 'vV'), '>')) {
+            Cache::forget(self::UPDATE_FLAG);
+            $this->updateRequested = false;
+            $this->updatePolls = 0;
+            $this->updateState = 'current';
+            $this->updateStatus = __('versions.status_current', ['installed' => $current, 'channel' => $this->channel()]);
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('versions.update_done', ['version' => $current]));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->updatePolls >= 60) { // ~5 min at 5s — almost certainly failed; stop spinning.
+            Cache::forget(self::UPDATE_FLAG);
+            $this->updateRequested = false;
+            $this->updatePolls = 0;
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('versions.update_stalled'), level: 'error');
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Auto-check on page load (wire:init) so an available update + button appear without the
+     * operator clicking "check" first. No-op while an update is running, so it never clobbers the
+     * "läuft"/poll state. Async (wire:init), so it never blocks the initial render.
+     */
+    public function autoCheck(): void
+    {
+        if ($this->updateRequested) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->checkUpdates();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Honest update check: compare the installed version against the newest release
      * tag visible in the channel. No external server, no stars, no CVE feed.
@@ -39,34 +157,133 @@ class Index extends Component
 
         $channel = $this->channel();
         $installed = (string) config('clusev.version');
-        $latest = $this->latestTag();
+        // Force a fresh remote lookup — this is the explicit "check for updates" action.
+        $latest = $this->resolveLatestTag($channel, forceRemote: true);
 
         if ($latest === null) {
             $this->updateState = 'current';
-            $this->updateStatus = 'Noch kein Release getaggt — installierte Version v'.$installed.' (Kanal: '.$channel.').';
+            $this->updateStatus = __('versions.status_none_tagged', ['installed' => $installed, 'channel' => $channel]);
         } elseif ($this->isNewer($latest, $installed)) {
             $this->updateState = 'update';
-            $this->updateStatus = 'Update verfügbar: v'.$latest.' (Kanal: '.$channel.').';
+            $this->updateStatus = __('versions.status_update_available', ['latest' => $latest, 'channel' => $channel]);
         } else {
             $this->updateState = 'current';
-            $this->updateStatus = 'Aktuell — v'.$installed.' (Kanal: '.$channel.').';
+            $this->updateStatus = __('versions.status_current', ['installed' => $installed, 'channel' => $channel]);
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Operator-triggered update: write the update sentinel a host watcher reacts to by running
+     * update.sh (git pull + idempotent re-install). Re-checks that a newer release than the
+     * installed one is actually published in the channel (never fires blindly), is per-user
+     * throttled (auto-expiring — never a control-plane lockout) and audited. The container never
+     * runs git/Docker itself. The dashboard briefly goes down while the stack rebuilds, so we
+     * say so and do not await a result.
+     */
+    public function requestUpdate(DeploymentService $deployment): mixed
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-panel'), 403);
+
+        $channel = $this->channel();
+        $installed = (string) config('clusev.version');
+        $latest = $this->resolveLatestTag($channel, forceRemote: true);
+
+        // Reflect the freshly-checked state, then refuse if there is nothing newer to apply.
+        $this->lastChecked = now()->format('H:i');
+        if ($latest === null || ! $this->isNewer($latest, $installed)) {
+            $this->updateState = 'current';
+            $this->updateStatus = __('versions.status_current', ['installed' => $installed, 'channel' => $channel]);
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('versions.update_not_available'), level: 'error');
+
+            return null;
+        }
+        $this->updateState = 'update';
+        $this->updateStatus = __('versions.status_update_available', ['latest' => $latest, 'channel' => $channel]);
+
+        $key = 'update-request:'.Auth::id();
+        if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($key, 3)) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('versions.update_throttled', ['seconds' => RateLimiter::availableIn($key)]), level: 'error');
+
+            return null;
+        }
+        RateLimiter::hit($key, 600);
+
+        // Write the sentinel; if it can't be written (e.g. the bind-mounted dir isn't writable by
+        // the app user), surface that instead of a "running" state that would never resolve.
+        if (! $deployment->requestUpdate()) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('versions.update_write_failed'), level: 'error');
+
+            return null;
+        }
+        // Persist the in-progress state in Redis (NOT the consumed sentinel) so the "läuft" notice
+        // survives a reload AND the app rebuild; auto-expires as a backstop. Completion = version
+        // moves past this base. 15 min TTL > the poll timeout, so a reload can still resume.
+        Cache::put(self::UPDATE_FLAG, ['base' => $installed], now()->addMinutes(15));
+
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => 'deploy.update_request',
+            'target' => $installed.' → '.$latest.' ('.$channel.')',
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+
+        $this->updateRequested = true;
+        $this->updateBaseVersion = $installed; // completion = the running version moves past this
+        $this->updatePolls = 0;
+        $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('versions.update_started'));
+
+        // Redirect to the self-contained progress page BEFORE the container goes down.
+        // navigate:false forces a full browser navigation (the page must be Livewire-independent
+        // to survive the teardown — see resources/views/update-progress.blade.php).
+        $prev = url()->previous();
+        $parsedPrev = parse_url($prev, PHP_URL_PATH);
+        $returnPath = (is_string($parsedPrev) && str_starts_with($parsedPrev, '/') && ! str_starts_with($parsedPrev, '//'))
+            ? $parsedPrev
+            : route('dashboard', absolute: false);
+
+        // Pass the pre-update version: the progress page finishes only when the running version
+        // moves past it (the old container answers /up throughout the build — see the page).
+        return $this->redirect(
+            route('update.progress', ['return' => $returnPath, 'from' => $installed]),
+            navigate: false,
+        );
+    }
+
     /** Resolve the configured channel, clamped to the user-facing set. */
     private function channel(): string
     {
-        $channel = (string) (Setting::get('release_channel', config('clusev.channel')) ?? 'stable');
-
-        return in_array($channel, self::CHANNELS, true) ? $channel : 'stable';
+        return app(ReleaseChecker::class)->channel();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Newest release tag from .git, without needing the git binary. Reads loose
-     * refs under refs/tags plus packed-refs, normalises a leading "v", and sorts
-     * by semantic version. Returns null when nothing is tagged yet.
+     * Newest release tag for the channel. Prefers the public Git host's tag API (the
+     * production image ships NO .git, so a local read would always be empty there), and
+     * falls back to local .git tags for dev. The remote result is cached so a page render
+     * never makes a network call — only the explicit "check for updates" action does, by
+     * passing $forceRemote. Returns null when nothing usable is found anywhere.
      */
-    private function latestTag(): ?string
+    private function resolveLatestTag(string $channel, bool $forceRemote = false): ?string
+    {
+        $checker = app(ReleaseChecker::class);
+
+        if ($forceRemote) {
+            $remote = $checker->refresh($channel);
+            if ($remote !== null) {
+                return $remote;
+            }
+            // Remote unreachable — fall through to whatever we last cached / can read locally.
+        }
+
+        return $checker->cachedLatest($channel) ?? $this->localLatestTag($channel);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Newest release tag from local .git, without needing the git binary. Reads loose refs
+     * under refs/tags plus packed-refs. Empty in the production image (no .git) — that is why
+     * the remote API is the primary source above.
+     */
+    private function localLatestTag(string $channel): ?string
     {
         $root = base_path('.git');
         $tags = [];
@@ -86,22 +303,7 @@ class Index extends Component
             }
         }
 
-        // Keep only vX.Y.Z / X.Y.Z style tags, normalise off the leading "v".
-        $versions = [];
-        foreach (array_unique($tags) as $tag) {
-            $v = ltrim($tag, 'vV');
-            if (preg_match('/^\d+\.\d+\.\d+/', $v)) {
-                $versions[] = $v;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if ($versions === []) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        usort($versions, fn (string $a, string $b): int => version_compare($b, $a));
-
-        return $versions[0];
+        return app(ReleaseChecker::class)->newestVersion($tags, $channel);
     }
 
     /** Is the given tag a newer semantic version than the installed one? */
@@ -110,9 +312,19 @@ class Index extends Component
         return version_compare(ltrim($tag, 'vV'), ltrim($installed, 'vV'), '>');
     }
 
-    /** Resolve the current commit from .git without needing the git binary. */
+    /**
+     * Resolve the deployed commit + branch. In production this comes from config (install.sh
+     * baked it into .env from the host's .git — the prod image ships none); in dev it falls back
+     * to a live .git read. Branch defaults to the channel only when nothing is known.
+     */
     private function build(): array
     {
+        $sha = config('clusev.build.sha');
+        $branch = config('clusev.build.branch');
+        if ($sha || $branch) {
+            return ['sha' => $sha, 'branch' => $branch ?: $this->channel()];
+        }
+
         $root = base_path('.git');
         $head = @file_get_contents($root.'/HEAD');
 
@@ -143,6 +355,106 @@ class Index extends Component
         return ['sha' => $sha ? substr(trim($sha), 0, 7) : null, 'branch' => $branch];
     }
 
+    /** Switch the visible major.minor series and jump back to its first page. */
+    public function selectSeries(string $series): void
+    {
+        $this->series = $series;
+        $this->changelogPage = 1;
+    }
+
+    /** Jump to a page within the active series (lower bound clamped here; upper clamp in render). */
+    public function gotoChangelogPage(int $page): void
+    {
+        $this->changelogPage = max(1, $page);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Group parsed releases into major.minor series (e.g. "0.9"), newest series first. Each series
+     * keeps its releases (still newest-first) plus a count and the latest date. An Unreleased node,
+     * if present, becomes its own pseudo-series pinned to the top. This is what lets the changelog
+     * show a compact series index + paginated detail instead of one endless list.
+     *
+     * @param  array<int, array{version:string, date:?string, unreleased:bool, groups:array<string, array<int, string>>}>  $releases
+     * @return array<int, array{key:string, label:string, unreleased:bool, count:int, latest:?string, releases:array<int, array<string, mixed>>}>
+     */
+    private function groupBySeries(array $releases): array
+    {
+        $buckets = [];
+        foreach ($releases as $rel) {
+            if ($rel['unreleased']) {
+                $key = 'unreleased';
+            } elseif (preg_match('/^v?(\d+)\.(\d+)\./', $rel['version'], $m)) {
+                // Prefix the series key with a non-numeric 'v' so the ?series= URL value is never a
+                // bare decimal — Livewire's #[Url] otherwise type-juggles "0.10" → 0.1 (the trailing
+                // zero is lost), silently switching the selected series on reload. The label strips it.
+                $key = 'v'.$m[1].'.'.$m[2];
+            } else {
+                $key = 'other';
+            }
+            $buckets[$key][] = $rel;
+        }
+
+        $series = [];
+        foreach ($buckets as $key => $rels) {
+            $dates = array_values(array_filter(array_map(static fn (array $r): ?string => $r['date'], $rels)));
+            $series[] = [
+                'key' => $key,
+                'label' => match ($key) {
+                    'unreleased' => __('versions.unreleased'),
+                    'other' => __('versions.series_other'),
+                    default => ltrim($key, 'v'), // display the dotted series (the 'v' is only for the URL)
+                },
+                'unreleased' => $key === 'unreleased',
+                'count' => count($rels),
+                'latest' => $dates[0] ?? null, // releases are newest-first → the first date is the latest
+                'releases' => $rels,
+            ];
+        }
+
+        // Unreleased first, then series by version descending, 'other' last.
+        usort($series, static function (array $a, array $b): int {
+            $rank = static fn (array $s): int => $s['key'] === 'unreleased' ? 0 : ($s['key'] === 'other' ? 2 : 1);
+            $ra = $rank($a);
+            $rb = $rank($b);
+            if ($ra !== $rb) {
+                return $ra <=> $rb;
+            }
+
+            return $ra === 1 ? version_compare(ltrim($b['key'], 'v').'.0', ltrim($a['key'], 'v').'.0') : 0;
+        });
+
+        return $series;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compact pagination window — the full range up to 7 pages, otherwise first + last plus a
+     * 3-wide window around the current page with '…' gaps. Returns ints and '…' string markers.
+     *
+     * @return array<int, int|string>
+     */
+    private function pageWindow(int $current, int $total): array
+    {
+        if ($total <= 7) {
+            return range(1, $total);
+        }
+
+        $pages = [1];
+        $from = max(2, $current - 1);
+        $to = min($total - 1, $current + 1);
+        if ($from > 2) {
+            $pages[] = '…';
+        }
+        for ($i = $from; $i <= $to; $i++) {
+            $pages[] = $i;
+        }
+        if ($to < $total - 1) {
+            $pages[] = '…';
+        }
+        $pages[] = $total;
+
+        return $pages;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Parse CHANGELOG.md BY VERSION into release nodes. Each node carries its
      * version, optional date, and the changes grouped by Keep-a-Changelog
@@ -158,11 +470,22 @@ class Index extends Component
             return [];
         }
 
+        return $this->parseChangelog((string) file_get_contents($path));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a Keep-a-Changelog document into release nodes (shared by the local history and the
+     * remote "what's new" preview).
+     *
+     * @return array<int, array{version:string, date:?string, unreleased:bool, groups:array<string, array<int, string>>}>
+     */
+    private function parseChangelog(string $content): array
+    {
         $releases = [];
         $current = null;
         $group = null;
 
-        foreach (preg_split('/\R/', (string) file_get_contents($path)) as $line) {
+        foreach (preg_split('/\R/', $content) as $line) {
             // Version header: "## [0.1.0] - 2026-06-13" or "## [Unreleased]"
             if (preg_match('/^##\s+\[([^\]]+)\](?:\s*-\s*(.+))?\s*$/', $line, $m)) {
                 if ($current !== null) {
@@ -215,19 +538,132 @@ class Index extends Component
         return array_values(array_filter($releases, fn (array $r): bool => $r['groups'] !== []));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The changelog entries the operator would GAIN by updating: the remote CHANGELOG.md at the
+     * latest tag, parsed and filtered to released versions newer than the installed one — so the
+     * "what's new" can be read BEFORE applying the update. Empty when there is no update or the
+     * fetch fails (degrade gracefully; the update button is unaffected).
+     *
+     * @return array<int, array{version:string, date:?string, unreleased:bool, groups:array<string, array<int, string>>}>
+     */
+    private function availableChangelog(string $installed, ?string $latestTag): array
+    {
+        if ($latestTag === null || ! $this->isNewer($latestTag, $installed)) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        // Tags are published as "vX.Y.Z" but $latestTag is the bare version — ref must carry the "v".
+        $content = app(ReleaseChecker::class)->fetchChangelog('v'.ltrim($latestTag, 'vV'));
+        if ($content === null) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        $inst = ltrim($installed, 'vV');
+
+        return array_values(array_filter(
+            $this->parseChangelog($content),
+            static fn (array $r): bool => ! $r['unreleased']
+                && preg_match('/^\d+\.\d+\.\d+/', $r['version']) === 1
+                && version_compare(ltrim($r['version'], 'vV'), $inst, '>'),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Links shown on the "Projekt" card. EVERY install lists the public open-core repo. The
+     * dev/release-control box ALSO lists its actual update source first (which may be the private
+     * upstream) — staging and stable never do, so a non-dev server can never expose a private source
+     * regardless of how its CLUSEV_REPOSITORY is set. (The update SOURCE is still
+     * config('clusev.repository'); this only governs the displayed links.)
+     *
+     * release_controls=true is the dev-box invariant: it also gates the dev-only /release page + the
+     * host release bridge, so a staging/stable box never has it on — and even if it did, that box's
+     * CLUSEV_REPOSITORY is the public repo anyway. The public link is built from the public slug
+     * ONLY, and a malformed slug (empty / slashed / a full URL) falls back to the canonical public
+     * repo — never to a private host.
+     *
+     * @return list<array{url: string, host: string, path: string}>
+     */
+    private function projectLinks(): array
+    {
+        $slug = trim((string) config('clusev.public_slug'), '/');
+        if (! preg_match('#^[A-Za-z0-9._-]+/[A-Za-z0-9._-]+$#', $slug)) {
+            $slug = 'clusev/clusev';
+        }
+        $urls = ['https://github.com/'.$slug];
+
+        // Dev box only: ALSO surface the actual update source (e.g. the private upstream), shown first.
+        // Require a real URL (a parseable host) so a misconfigured/garbage source is dropped rather
+        // than rendered as an empty link — the public repo still shows.
+        if (config('clusev.release_controls')) {
+            $source = (string) config('clusev.repository');
+            if (parse_url($source, PHP_URL_HOST) !== null && ! in_array($source, $urls, true)) {
+                array_unshift($urls, $source);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return array_map(static fn (string $u): array => [
+            'url' => $u,
+            'host' => (string) parse_url($u, PHP_URL_HOST),
+            'path' => trim((string) parse_url($u, PHP_URL_PATH), '/'),
+        ], $urls);
+    }
+
     public function render()
     {
         $releases = $this->releases();
-        $latestTag = $this->latestTag();
+        $seriesList = $this->groupBySeries($releases);
+
+        // Active series: keep the operator's choice while it still exists, else the newest.
+        $keys = array_column($seriesList, 'key');
+        $activeKey = in_array($this->series, $keys, true) ? $this->series : ($keys[0] ?? '');
+        $activeSeries = null;
+        foreach ($seriesList as $s) {
+            if ($s['key'] === $activeKey) {
+                $activeSeries = $s;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Paginate the active series' releases so a long history never becomes an endless scroll.
+        $activeReleases = $activeSeries['releases'] ?? [];
+        $totalPages = max(1, (int) ceil(count($activeReleases) / self::CHANGELOG_PER_PAGE));
+        $page = min(max(1, $this->changelogPage), $totalPages);
+        $this->changelogPage = $page; // make render the single clamp authority — no stale out-of-range value lingers
+        $pagedReleases = array_slice($activeReleases, ($page - 1) * self::CHANGELOG_PER_PAGE, self::CHANGELOG_PER_PAGE);
+
+        // Mark the series that holds the running version (a small "installed" cue in the rail).
+        $installed = ltrim((string) config('clusev.version'), 'vV');
+        $currentSeries = preg_match('/^(\d+)\.(\d+)\./', $installed, $m) ? 'v'.$m[1].'.'.$m[2] : null;
+
+        // Passive (no network): cached remote result if a check has run, else local .git.
+        $latestTag = $this->resolveLatestTag($this->channel());
+        // A stale cache can hold a "latest" older than what's now installed (e.g. right after an
+        // update, before the next check). Never present yourself as behind a release you've
+        // already passed — hide it until a fresh check resolves the true latest.
+        if ($latestTag !== null && version_compare(ltrim($latestTag, 'vV'), $installed, '<')) {
+            $latestTag = null;
+        }
 
         return view('livewire.versions.index', [
             'version' => config('clusev.version'),
             'channel' => $this->channel(),
-            'repository' => config('clusev.repository'),
+            'repositories' => $this->projectLinks(),
             'license' => config('clusev.license'),
             'build' => $this->build(),
-            'releases' => $releases,
+            'seriesList' => $seriesList,
+            'activeKey' => $activeKey,
+            'activeSeries' => $activeSeries,
+            'pagedReleases' => $pagedReleases,
+            'changelogPage' => $page,
+            'totalPages' => $totalPages,
+            'pageWindow' => $this->pageWindow($page, $totalPages),
+            'currentSeries' => $currentSeries,
+            'totalReleases' => count($releases),
             'latestTag' => $latestTag,
-        ]);
+            // What the operator would gain by updating — shown BEFORE applying (only when behind).
+            'availableUpdates' => $this->updateState === 'update'
+                ? $this->availableChangelog((string) config('clusev.version'), $latestTag)
+                : [],
+        ])->title(__('versions.title'));
     }
 }

app/Livewire/Wireguard/Index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Livewire\Wireguard;
+
+use App\Models\AuditEvent;
+use App\Models\WgTrafficSample;
+use App\Services\WgBridge;
+use App\Services\WgStatus;
+use App\Services\WgTraffic;
+use App\Support\Confirm\ConfirmToken;
+use App\Support\Confirm\InvalidConfirmToken;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Layout;
+use Livewire\Attributes\On;
+use Livewire\Attributes\Url;
+use Livewire\Component;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\StreamedResponse;
+
+/**
+ * WireGuard dashboard — live status (P1) + traffic (P2) + peer management (P3). Reads the
+ * host-collected status; mutations go through the host write-bridge (WgBridge), never a shell.
+ */
+#[Layout('layouts.app')]
+class Index extends Component
+{
+    public const WINDOWS = [3600, 86400, 604800];
+
+    /** Peer-name charset, shared by every app-side validation site (the host re-validates too). */
+    private const PEER_NAME_RE = '/^[A-Za-z0-9._-]{1,64}$/';
+
+    public int $window = self::WINDOWS[0];
+
+    /** Active tab when configured: 'peers' (list + traffic) or 'server' (settings). Deep-linkable. */
+    #[Url]
+    public string $tab = 'peers';
+
+    public string $newPeer = '';
+
+    public string $newEndpoint = '';
+
+    public string $newPort = '';
+
+    public string $newSubnet = '';
+
+    public string $newDns = '';
+
+    // first-time setup form
+    public string $setupSubnet = '10.99.0.0/24';
+
+    public string $setupPort = '51820';
+
+    public string $setupEndpoint = '';
+
+    public string $setupPeer = 'client-1';
+
+    /** id of an in-flight write-request we are polling for. */
+    public ?string $pendingId = null;
+
+    public ?string $pendingAction = null;
+
+    /** Unix time the current request started polling — used to time out a non-responding host. */
+    public ?int $pendingSince = null;
+
+    /** Show-once add-peer result (config text + QR svg). Never persisted. */
+    public ?string $resultConfig = null;
+
+    public ?string $resultQr = null;
+
+    /** Peer name of the in-flight request, carried to the result so the download gets a meaningful filename. */
+    public ?string $pendingName = null;
+
+    public ?string $resultName = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Page guard (RBAC): WireGuard is a manage-network capability. The route carries a
+     * `can:manage-network` middleware for the initial GET, but a Livewire component update
+     * (POST /livewire/update) is NOT re-run through the route middleware — so this mount()
+     * check is the real per-request guard for the page itself.
+     */
+    public function mount(): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+    }
+
+    public function setWindow(int $seconds): void
+    {
+        $this->window = $this->clampWindow($seconds);
+    }
+
+    public function setTab(string $tab): void
+    {
+        $this->tab = in_array($tab, ['peers', 'server'], true) ? $tab : 'peers';
+    }
+
+    public function addPeer(WgBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        $this->validate(['newPeer' => ['required', 'regex:'.self::PEER_NAME_RE]], [
+            'newPeer.regex' => __('wireguard.peer_name_invalid'),
+            'newPeer.required' => __('wireguard.peer_name_invalid'),
+        ]);
+        if (! $this->throttle()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $name = $this->newPeer;
+        $this->pendingId = $bridge->request('add-peer', ['name' => $name]);
+        $this->pendingAction = 'add-peer';
+        $this->pendingName = $name;
+        $this->newPeer = '';
+        $this->audit('wg.add-peer', $name);
+    }
+
+    public function setupWg(WgBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        $this->validate([
+            'setupSubnet' => ['required', 'regex:#^\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}/\d{1,2}$#'],
+            'setupPort' => ['required', 'regex:/^\d{1,5}$/'],
+            'setupEndpoint' => ['nullable', 'regex:/^[A-Za-z0-9.:_-]{1,128}$/'],
+            'setupPeer' => ['required', 'regex:'.self::PEER_NAME_RE],
+        ], [
+            'setupSubnet.regex' => __('wireguard.subnet_invalid'),
+            'setupPort.regex' => __('wireguard.port_invalid'),
+            'setupEndpoint.regex' => __('wireguard.endpoint_invalid'),
+            'setupPeer.regex' => __('wireguard.peer_name_invalid'),
+        ]);
+        if (! $this->portInRange($this->setupPort)) {
+            $this->addError('setupPort', __('wireguard.port_invalid'));
+
+            return;
+        }
+        if (! $this->throttle()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->pendingId = $bridge->request('setup', [
+            'subnet' => $this->setupSubnet, 'port' => $this->setupPort,
+            'endpoint' => $this->setupEndpoint, 'name' => $this->setupPeer,
+        ]);
+        $this->pendingAction = 'setup';
+        $this->pendingName = $this->setupPeer;
+        $this->audit('wg.setup', $this->setupSubnet);
+    }
+
+    /** Opens the wire-elements/modal confirm dialog for peer removal. */
+    public function confirmRemovePeer(string $name): void
+    {
+        if (preg_match(self::PEER_NAME_RE, $name) !== 1) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->openConfirm('wgPeerRemoved', ['name' => $name],
+            __('wireguard.remove_confirm_title'), __('wireguard.remove_confirm_body'),
+            __('wireguard.remove'), danger: true, icon: 'trash');
+    }
+
+    /** Apply handler — called after the ConfirmAction modal confirms the removal. */
+    #[On('wgPeerRemoved')]
+    public function applyRemovePeer(string $confirmToken, WgBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        // Re-gate on consume: a token issued while the user still had rights must be
+        // refused if the role was demoted before it was confirmed (tokens are uid-bound).
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'wgPeerRemoved');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $name = $payload['params']['name'] ?? '';
+        if ($name === '' || preg_match(self::PEER_NAME_RE, $name) !== 1) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->removePeer($bridge, $name);
+    }
+
+    public function removePeer(WgBridge $bridge, string $name): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        if (preg_match(self::PEER_NAME_RE, $name) !== 1 || ! $this->throttle()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->pendingId = $bridge->request('remove-peer', ['name' => $name]);
+        $this->pendingAction = 'remove-peer';
+        $this->audit('wg.remove-peer', $name);
+    }
+
+    public function setEndpoint(WgBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        $this->validate(['newEndpoint' => ['required', 'regex:/^[A-Za-z0-9.:_-]{1,128}$/']], [
+            'newEndpoint.regex' => __('wireguard.endpoint_invalid'),
+            'newEndpoint.required' => __('wireguard.endpoint_invalid'),
+        ]);
+        if (! $this->throttle()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->pendingId = $bridge->request('set-endpoint', ['endpoint' => $this->newEndpoint]);
+        $this->pendingAction = 'set-endpoint';
+        $this->audit('wg.set-endpoint', $this->newEndpoint);
+        $this->newEndpoint = '';
+    }
+
+    /** Set the DNS server(s) baked into future peer configs. Non-destructive (no confirm needed). */
+    public function setDns(WgBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        $this->validate(['newDns' => ['required', 'regex:/^\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}([,\s]+\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3})*$/']], [
+            'newDns.regex' => __('wireguard.dns_invalid'),
+            'newDns.required' => __('wireguard.dns_invalid'),
+        ]);
+        if (! $this->throttle()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->pendingId = $bridge->request('set-dns', ['dns' => $this->newDns]);
+        $this->pendingAction = 'set-dns';
+        $this->audit('wg.set-dns', $this->newDns);
+        $this->newDns = '';
+    }
+
+    public function confirmGate(bool $on): void
+    {
+        $this->openConfirm('wgGateToggle', ['on' => $on ? '1' : '0'],
+            $on ? __('wireguard.gate_on_title') : __('wireguard.gate_off_title'),
+            $on ? __('wireguard.gate_on_body') : __('wireguard.gate_off_body'),
+            $on ? __('wireguard.gate_turn_on') : __('wireguard.gate_turn_off'),
+            danger: ! $on, icon: 'shield');
+    }
+
+    #[On('wgGateToggle')]
+    public function applyGateToggle(string $confirmToken, WgBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'wgGateToggle');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->runGate($this->onFlag($payload), $bridge);
+    }
+
+    public function runGate(bool $on, ?WgBridge $bridge = null): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        if (! $this->throttle()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $bridge ??= app(WgBridge::class);
+        $this->pendingId = $bridge->request($on ? 'gate-up' : 'gate-down', []);
+        $this->pendingAction = $on ? 'gate-up' : 'gate-down';
+        $this->audit($on ? 'wg.gate-up' : 'wg.gate-down', $on ? 'on' : 'off');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The SSH lock (port 22). Turning it ON is the most dangerous action on this page: a user with no
+     * surviving WG access locks themselves out of SSH entirely (only the server console / `clusev wg
+     * down` recovers it). The confirm body spells that out and recommends a backup peer first.
+     */
+    public function confirmSshGate(bool $on): void
+    {
+        $this->openConfirm('wgSshGate', ['on' => $on ? '1' : '0'],
+            $on ? __('wireguard.ssh_lock_on_title') : __('wireguard.ssh_lock_off_title'),
+            $on ? __('wireguard.ssh_lock_on_body') : __('wireguard.ssh_lock_off_body'),
+            $on ? __('wireguard.ssh_lock_turn_on') : __('wireguard.ssh_lock_turn_off'),
+            danger: $on, icon: 'alert');
+    }
+
+    #[On('wgSshGate')]
+    public function applySshGate(string $confirmToken, WgBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'wgSshGate');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->runSshGate($this->onFlag($payload), $bridge);
+    }
+
+    public function runSshGate(bool $on, ?WgBridge $bridge = null): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        if (! $this->throttle()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $bridge ??= app(WgBridge::class);
+        $this->pendingId = $bridge->request($on ? 'gate-ssh-on' : 'gate-ssh-off', []);
+        $this->pendingAction = $on ? 'gate-ssh-on' : 'gate-ssh-off';
+        $this->audit($on ? 'wg.ssh-lock' : 'wg.ssh-unlock', $on ? 'on' : 'off');
+    }
+
+    public function confirmSetPort(): void
+    {
+        $this->validate(
+            ['newPort' => ['required', 'regex:/^\d{1,5}$/']],
+            ['newPort.regex' => __('wireguard.port_invalid'), 'newPort.required' => __('wireguard.port_invalid')],
+        );
+        if (! $this->portInRange($this->newPort)) {
+            $this->addError('newPort', __('wireguard.port_invalid'));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->openConfirm('wgSetPort', ['port' => $this->newPort],
+            __('wireguard.port_confirm_title'), __('wireguard.port_confirm_body'),
+            __('wireguard.apply'), danger: true, icon: 'alert');
+    }
+
+    #[On('wgSetPort')]
+    public function applySetPort(string $confirmToken, WgBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'wgSetPort');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (! $this->throttle()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $port = (string) ($payload['params']['port'] ?? '');
+        $this->pendingId = $bridge->request('set-port', ['port' => $port]);
+        $this->pendingAction = 'set-port';
+        $this->audit('wg.set-port', $port);
+        $this->newPort = '';
+    }
+
+    public function confirmSetSubnet(): void
+    {
+        $this->validate(
+            ['newSubnet' => ['required', 'regex:#^\d{1,3}(\.\d{1,3}){3}/\d{1,2}$#']],
+            ['newSubnet.regex' => __('wireguard.subnet_invalid'), 'newSubnet.required' => __('wireguard.subnet_invalid')],
+        );
+
+        $this->openConfirm('wgSetSubnet', ['subnet' => $this->newSubnet],
+            __('wireguard.subnet_confirm_title'), __('wireguard.subnet_confirm_body'),
+            __('wireguard.apply'), danger: true, icon: 'alert');
+    }
+
+    #[On('wgSetSubnet')]
+    public function applySetSubnet(string $confirmToken, WgBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        abort_unless(auth()->user()?->can('manage-network'), 403);
+
+        try {
+            $payload = ConfirmToken::consume($confirmToken, 'wgSetSubnet');
+        } catch (InvalidConfirmToken) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (! $this->throttle()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $subnet = (string) ($payload['params']['subnet'] ?? '');
+        $this->pendingId = $bridge->request('set-subnet', ['subnet' => $subnet]);
+        $this->pendingAction = 'set-subnet';
+        $this->audit('wg.set-subnet', $subnet);
+        $this->newSubnet = '';
+    }
+
+    public function pollResult(WgBridge $bridge): void
+    {
+        if ($this->pendingId === null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->pendingSince ??= time();   // first poll after a request — start the clock
+        $res = $bridge->result($this->pendingId);
+        if ($res === null) {
+            // No host response after a while → the host watcher (systemd) likely isn't running yet.
+            // Stop spinning forever and tell the operator instead of leaving "Wird angewendet …".
+            if (time() - $this->pendingSince > 30) {
+                $this->pendingId = null;
+                $this->pendingAction = null;
+                $this->pendingSince = null;
+                $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('wireguard.no_host_response'), level: 'error');
+            }
+
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->pendingId = null;
+        $this->pendingSince = null;
+        if ($res['ok'] && in_array($this->pendingAction, ['add-peer', 'setup'], true) && $res['config'] !== null) {
+            $this->resultConfig = $res['config'];
+            $this->resultQr = $res['qr'];
+            $this->resultName = $this->pendingName;
+        } elseif (! $res['ok']) {
+            $msg = ($res['message'] ?? '') !== '' ? $res['message'] : __('wireguard.action_failed');
+            // Persist the failure so it's readable later in the audit log, not just a transient toast.
+            $this->audit('wg.action-failed', trim(($this->pendingAction ?? '').': '.$msg));
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: $msg, level: 'error');
+        } else {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('wireguard.action_done'));
+        }
+        $this->pendingAction = null;
+        $this->pendingName = null;
+    }
+
+    public function dismissResult(): void
+    {
+        $this->resultConfig = null;
+        $this->resultQr = null;
+        $this->resultName = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Download the show-once client config as a .conf file. The filename becomes the tunnel name when
+     * imported (WireGuard apps name a tunnel after the file), so build it from the endpoint host + peer
+     * name — e.g. "203.0.113.10-laptop.conf". (A QR scan can't carry a name; the app prompts for one.)
+     */
+    public function downloadConfig(): ?StreamedResponse
+    {
+        if ($this->resultConfig === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        $cfg = $this->resultConfig;
+
+        $host = preg_match('/^Endpoint\s*=\s*([^:\s]+)/m', $cfg, $m) === 1 ? $m[1] : 'clusev';
+        $parts = array_filter([$host, (string) $this->resultName]);
+        $base = preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9._-]+/', '-', implode('-', $parts));
+        $base = trim((string) $base, '-.') ?: 'clusev-wireguard';
+
+        return response()->streamDownload(function () use ($cfg) {
+            echo $cfg;
+        }, $base.'.conf', ['Content-Type' => 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8']);
+    }
+
+    /** Clamp a traffic window to one of the allowed values, falling back to the shortest. */
+    private function clampWindow(int $seconds): int
+    {
+        return in_array($seconds, self::WINDOWS, true) ? $seconds : self::WINDOWS[0];
+    }
+
+    /** True when a numeric-string port is within the valid UDP range. */
+    private function portInRange(string $port): bool
+    {
+        return (int) $port >= 1 && (int) $port <= 65535;
+    }
+
+    /** Decode the sealed on/off flag a gate-toggle confirm token carries. */
+    private function onFlag(array $payload): bool
+    {
+        return ($payload['params']['on'] ?? '0') === '1';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Open the shared ConfirmAction modal (R5) for one WG action. The issued token carries NO audit
+     * descriptor on purpose — each apply handler audits exactly once itself, so auditing here too
+     * would double-count. Heading/body/label/danger/icon/params are the only per-action differences.
+     *
+     * @param  array<string, string>  $params
+     */
+    private function openConfirm(string $event, array $params, string $heading, string $body, string $confirmLabel, bool $danger, string $icon): void
+    {
+        $this->dispatch('openModal',
+            component: 'modals.confirm-action',
+            arguments: [
+                'heading' => $heading,
+                'body' => $body,
+                'confirmLabel' => $confirmLabel,
+                'danger' => $danger,
+                'icon' => $icon,
+                'notify' => '',
+                'token' => ConfirmToken::issue($event, $params),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    private function throttle(): bool
+    {
+        $key = 'wg-request:'.Auth::id();
+        if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($key, 10)) {
+            $this->dispatch('notify', message: __('wireguard.throttled'), level: 'error');
+
+            return false;
+        }
+        RateLimiter::hit($key, 60);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private function audit(string $action, string $target): void
+    {
+        AuditEvent::create([
+            'user_id' => Auth::id(),
+            'actor' => Auth::user()?->name ?? 'system',
+            'action' => $action,
+            'target' => $target,
+            'ip' => request()->ip(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    public function render(WgStatus $wg, WgTraffic $traffic)
+    {
+        $window = $this->clampWindow($this->window);
+
+        // Traffic samples land at most once per minute (clusev:wg-sample), but the page polls
+        // every 5s (wire:poll) — so re-bucketing the whole WgTrafficSample history on every poll
+        // is ~11/12 wasted work. Cache the aggregate, keyed on the window AND a data fingerprint
+        // (MAX(id) busts on any insert, COUNT busts on a prune) so new/changed data invalidates it
+        // immediately — MAX(sampled_at) alone could collide for two sample sets in the same second.
+        $fp = WgTrafficSample::query()->selectRaw('COALESCE(MAX(id), 0) AS mid, COUNT(*) AS cnt')->first();
+        $series = Cache::remember(
+            "wg:traffic:series:{$window}:{$fp->mid}:{$fp->cnt}",
+            60,
+            fn () => $traffic->series($window),
+        );
+
+        return view('livewire.wireguard.index', [
+            'status' => $wg->read(),
+            'traffic' => $series,
+            'windows' => self::WINDOWS,
+        ])->title(__('wireguard.title'));
+    }
+}

app/Mail/AlertNotification.php

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Mail;
+
+use App\Models\AlertIncident;
+use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
+use Illuminate\Mail\Mailable;
+use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Content;
+use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Envelope;
+use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
+
+/** Queued alert e-mail — one per fire/resolve transition. Plain text (no external assets). */
+class AlertNotification extends Mailable implements ShouldQueue
+{
+    use Queueable, SerializesModels;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        public AlertIncident $incident,
+        public bool $resolved,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function envelope(): Envelope
+    {
+        $server = $this->incident->server?->name ?? '—';
+        $rule = $this->incident->rule?->name ?? '—';
+        $prefix = $this->resolved ? __('alerts.mail_subject_resolved') : __('alerts.mail_subject_firing');
+
+        return new Envelope(subject: "[{$prefix}] {$rule} — {$server}");
+    }
+
+    public function content(): Content
+    {
+        // Branded HTML (table layout, inline styles, CID-embedded logo — no external assets, so it
+        // renders in Gmail/Outlook without image blocking) + the plain-text part as fallback.
+        return new Content(
+            html: 'mail.alert-html',
+            text: 'mail.alert',
+            with: [
+                'incident' => $this->incident,
+                'resolved' => $this->resolved,
+                'server' => $this->incident->server?->name ?? '—',
+                'rule' => $this->incident->rule?->name ?? '—',
+                'metric' => $this->incident->rule?->metric ?? '—',
+                'value' => $this->incident->value,
+                'threshold' => $this->incident->rule?->threshold ?? 0,
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+}

app/Models/AlertIncident.php

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
+
+class AlertIncident extends Model
+{
+    /** Sidebar firing-count badge cache key — busted by forgetFiringCount() on every fire/resolve. */
+    public const FIRING_COUNT_CACHE = 'alerts:firing_count';
+
+    protected $guarded = [];
+
+    protected $casts = [
+        'value' => 'float',
+        'started_at' => 'datetime',
+        'resolved_at' => 'datetime',
+    ];
+
+    public function rule(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(AlertRule::class, 'alert_rule_id');
+    }
+
+    public function server(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Server::class);
+    }
+
+    public function isFiring(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->state === 'firing';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Firing-incident count for the sidebar badge. Cached (the sidebar renders on every page), but
+     * the cache is busted the instant an incident fires or resolves (forgetFiringCount), so the badge
+     * matches the content on the next render instead of lagging up to the TTL.
+     */
+    public static function firingCount(): int
+    {
+        return (int) Cache::remember(self::FIRING_COUNT_CACHE, 60, fn () => static::where('state', 'firing')->count());
+    }
+
+    public static function forgetFiringCount(): void
+    {
+        Cache::forget(self::FIRING_COUNT_CACHE);
+    }
+}

app/Models/AlertRule.php

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+
+/**
+ * A threshold rule over a server metric. When a targeted server crosses it, the AlertEvaluator
+ * opens a firing AlertIncident and notifies; when it recovers, the incident resolves.
+ */
+class AlertRule extends Model
+{
+    protected $guarded = [];
+
+    protected $casts = [
+        'enabled' => 'boolean',
+        'threshold' => 'float', // % metrics are whole, but `load` is fractional (see the migration)
+    ];
+
+    /** Metrics a rule can watch. `offline` fires when a server can't be polled (status offline). */
+    public const METRICS = ['cpu', 'mem', 'disk', 'load', 'offline'];
+
+    public const COMPARATORS = ['gt', 'lt'];
+
+    public const SCOPES = ['all', 'group', 'server'];
+
+    protected static function booted(): void
+    {
+        static::creating(fn (self $r) => $r->uuid ??= (string) Str::uuid());
+    }
+
+    public function getRouteKeyName(): string
+    {
+        return 'uuid';
+    }
+
+    public function incidents(): HasMany
+    {
+        return $this->hasMany(AlertIncident::class);
+    }
+
+    /** Whether this rule applies to the given server (all / a group's members / one server). */
+    public function targets(Server $server): bool
+    {
+        return match ($this->scope_type) {
+            'server' => (int) $this->scope_id === $server->id,
+            'group' => $server->groups()->where('server_groups.id', $this->scope_id)->exists(),
+            default => true, // 'all'
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does the reading breach this rule? For numeric metrics, compare against the threshold with the
+     * rule's comparator; for `offline`, the breach is simply that the server is not online.
+     *
+     * @param  array<string, int|string>  $metrics  cpu/mem/disk/load ints; status when offline
+     */
+    public function breached(array $metrics, string $status): bool
+    {
+        if ($this->metric === 'offline') {
+            return $status === 'offline'; // only a truly-down server, not a reachable "warning"
+        }
+
+        $value = (float) ($metrics[$this->metric] ?? 0);
+        $threshold = (float) $this->threshold;
+
+        return $this->comparator === 'lt' ? $value < $threshold : $value > $threshold;
+    }
+
+    /** The reading to record on the incident (the breached value; 0 for offline). Float for `load`. */
+    public function reading(array $metrics): float
+    {
+        return $this->metric === 'offline' ? 0.0 : (float) ($metrics[$this->metric] ?? 0);
+    }
+}

app/Models/AuditEvent.php

@@ -4,10 +4,14 @@ namespace App\Models;
 
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
 class AuditEvent extends Model
 {
+    /** Sidebar threats-count badge cache key — busted by forgetThreatLoginCount() on each fake login. */
+    public const THREAT_COUNT_CACHE = 'threats:login_attempts_24h';
+
     protected $guarded = [];
 
     protected $casts = ['meta' => 'array'];
@@ -31,4 +35,57 @@ class AuditEvent extends Model
     {
         return $this->belongsTo(Server::class);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Fake-login (honeypot) attempts in the last 24h for the sidebar Threats badge. Cached (the
+     * sidebar renders on every page) but busted the instant one is recorded (forgetThreatLoginCount),
+     * so the badge stays in step with the Threats page instead of lagging up to the TTL.
+     */
+    public static function threatLoginCount24h(): int
+    {
+        return (int) Cache::remember(
+            self::THREAT_COUNT_CACHE,
+            60,
+            fn () => static::where('action', 'security.honeypot_login')->where('created_at', '>', now()->subDay())->count(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static function forgetThreatLoginCount(): void
+    {
+        Cache::forget(self::THREAT_COUNT_CACHE);
+    }
+
+    /** Actions that record a failure or security event — surfaced with a warning style. */
+    private const ERROR_ACTIONS = [
+        'auth.login_failed', 'auth.2fa_failed', 'auth.ip_banned',
+        'fail2ban.ban', 'wg.action-failed', 'deploy.staging_release_failed',
+        'deploy.public_failed', 'deploy.stable_failed', 'deploy.yank_failed',
+        'security.honeypot_hit', 'security.honeypot_login', 'security.honeytoken_used',
+        'service.start.failed', 'service.stop.failed', 'service.restart.failed',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Human-readable, localized label for the raw action code (e.g. "wg.set-endpoint" ->
+     * "WireGuard-Endpoint geändert"). Falls back to a tidied form for unmapped/dynamic codes
+     * (e.g. the dynamic "harden.*.on|off") so nothing ever shows a bare machine code awkwardly.
+     */
+    public function getActionLabelAttribute(): string
+    {
+        $labels = (array) trans('audit.actions');
+
+        return $labels[$this->action] ?? $this->prettyAction();
+    }
+
+    /** True when the entry represents a failure / security alert (drives the warning styling). */
+    public function getIsErrorAttribute(): bool
+    {
+        return in_array($this->action, self::ERROR_ACTIONS, true);
+    }
+
+    private function prettyAction(): string
+    {
+        $s = str_replace(['_', '-'], ' ', str_replace('.', ' · ', (string) $this->action));
+
+        return Str::ucfirst(trim($s));
+    }
 }

app/Models/BannedIp.php

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+class BannedIp extends Model
+{
+    protected $guarded = [];
+
+    protected $casts = ['banned_until' => 'datetime'];
+
+    /** Non-expired bans only. */
+    public function scopeActive(Builder $query): Builder
+    {
+        return $query->where('banned_until', '>', now());
+    }
+}

app/Models/CertEndpoint.php

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+
+/** A TLS endpoint (host:port) whose certificate expiry Clusev monitors. */
+class CertEndpoint extends Model
+{
+    protected $guarded = [];
+
+    protected $casts = ['port' => 'integer'];
+
+    protected static function booted(): void
+    {
+        static::creating(fn (self $e) => $e->uuid ??= (string) Str::uuid());
+    }
+
+    public function getRouteKeyName(): string
+    {
+        return 'uuid';
+    }
+}

app/Models/HealthCheck.php

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+
+/** An uptime probe: an HTTP URL or a TCP host:port whose reachability Clusev monitors. */
+class HealthCheck extends Model
+{
+    protected $guarded = [];
+
+    protected $casts = ['port' => 'integer'];
+
+    public const TYPES = ['http', 'tcp'];
+
+    protected static function booted(): void
+    {
+        static::creating(fn (self $c) => $c->uuid ??= (string) Str::uuid());
+    }
+
+    public function getRouteKeyName(): string
+    {
+        return 'uuid';
+    }
+}

app/Models/HostCredential.php

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+/**
+ * The SSH login for the "Clusev host" terminal (a singleton — one host). Stored encrypted; only
+ * ever read over the internal network by the terminal resolve endpoint, never sent to the browser.
+ * When no row exists the host terminal is "not configured" and the tile opens the setup form.
+ */
+class HostCredential extends Model
+{
+    /** Explicit allowlist (never $guarded=[]) so request input can't set unintended columns. */
+    protected $fillable = ['host', 'port', 'username', 'auth_type', 'secret', 'passphrase'];
+
+    /** Never serialize the credential fields (mirrors SshCredential). */
+    protected $hidden = ['secret', 'passphrase'];
+
+    protected $casts = [
+        'port' => 'integer',
+        'secret' => 'encrypted',
+        'passphrase' => 'encrypted',
+    ];
+
+    /** The single configured host login, or null when the operator hasn't set one up yet. */
+    public static function current(): ?self
+    {
+        return static::query()->orderBy('id')->first();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A TRANSIENT Server (never persisted) that points SSH tooling — FleetService, DockerService —
+     * at the Clusev host itself, reusing the encrypted host login. The SshCredential is likewise
+     * transient; its encrypted 'secret' cast round-trips the plaintext back for CredentialVault.
+     * verifyHostKey skips pinning a non-persisted server, so this creates no fleet row.
+     */
+    public function toServer(): Server
+    {
+        $cred = new SshCredential(['username' => $this->username, 'auth_type' => $this->auth_type]);
+        $cred->secret = $this->secret;
+        if ($this->passphrase !== null && $this->passphrase !== '') { // not `if ($this->passphrase)` — a "0" passphrase is valid
+            $cred->passphrase = $this->passphrase;
+        }
+
+        $server = new Server([
+            'name' => 'Clusev Host',
+            'ip' => $this->host,
+            'ssh_port' => $this->port,
+            'status' => 'online',
+        ]);
+        $server->setRelation('credential', $cred);
+
+        return $server;
+    }
+}

app/Models/MetricSample.php

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+
+/**
+ * One persisted point of a server's resource history (cpu/mem/disk %, load), sampled once a minute
+ * by clusev:sample-metrics. The live 15s view stays cache-backed; this table is the LONG history
+ * the Server-Details graph plots over selectable ranges. Pruned to a retention window.
+ */
+class MetricSample extends Model
+{
+    public $timestamps = false;
+
+    protected $guarded = [];
+
+    protected $casts = [
+        'cpu' => 'integer',
+        'mem' => 'integer',
+        'disk' => 'integer',
+        'load' => 'float',
+        'sampled_at' => 'datetime',
+    ];
+
+    public function server(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(Server::class);
+    }
+}

app/Models/Runbook.php

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
+
+/** A saved, reusable fleet command. */
+class Runbook extends Model
+{
+    protected $guarded = [];
+
+    protected static function booted(): void
+    {
+        static::creating(fn (self $r) => $r->uuid ??= (string) Str::uuid());
+    }
+
+    public function getRouteKeyName(): string
+    {
+        return 'uuid';
+    }
+}

app/Models/Server.php

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace App\Models;
 
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasOne;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
@@ -30,4 +32,26 @@ class Server extends Model
     {
         return $this->hasOne(SshCredential::class);
     }
+
+    public function groups(): BelongsToMany
+    {
+        return $this->belongsToMany(ServerGroup::class);
+    }
+
+    /** Servers that belong to the given group (by group id). */
+    public function scopeInGroup(Builder $query, int $groupId): void
+    {
+        $query->whereHas('groups', fn (Builder $q) => $q->where('server_groups.id', $groupId));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Servers whose stored SSH credential is present AND not disabled — the live poll set.
+     * A disabled ("gesperrt") credential is refused by CredentialVault::resolve() at connect
+     * time, but the poller reuses a long-lived connection, so revocation only takes effect if
+     * the server also drops OUT of this query on the next tick.
+     */
+    public function scopeWithActiveCredential(Builder $query): void
+    {
+        $query->whereHas('credential', fn (Builder $q) => $q->whereNull('disabled_at'));
+    }
 }